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DEV2011 > Germ Cell Development > Flashcards

Germ Cell Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the specification and commitment steps in germ cell development?

A

Specification: blimp1 expression
Commitment: Stella

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2
Q

When do specification and commitment occur?

A

5.5-6.5 days

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3
Q

How do germ cells actively migrate to the gonads?

A

Move through the midline and the out to the gonads.

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4
Q

What are the four steps of germ cell development?

A

Specification, commitment, migration, colonisation.

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5
Q

When does extensive proliferation of germ cells occur?

A

During migration.

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6
Q

What two hormones drive the development of the male reproductive system?

A

Anti-Mullerian hormone and DHT

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7
Q

What is Swyer syndrome?

A

XY chromosomes with not SRY gene.

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8
Q

What is the phenotype of Swyer syndrome?

A

Externally female, streak ovaries, not secondary sex characteristic, no germ cells, can support gestation.

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9
Q

What does colonisation by the germ cells occur?

A

Weeks 6-8

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10
Q

When do cells begin to migrate in humans?

A

Week 4

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11
Q

When does meiosis stop at prophase I in females?

A

Week 12

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12
Q

What is the cause of carcinoma in situ?

A

Termination of germ cell differentiation and transformation.

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13
Q

What is the potency of seminoma cells?

A

Pluripotent

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14
Q

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

A

SRY gene
Anti-Mullarian hormone
Regulation of spermatogenesis
Blood-testicular barrier

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15
Q

What is the syncytium?

A

Connections between cytoplasms of germ cells-spermatids to ensure all sperm are identical.

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16
Q

What is the function of Leydig cells?

A

Produce testosterone

Located between the seminiferous tubules.

17
Q

What is the primordial follicle?

A

Oocyte surrounded by cells of the ovary before birth

18
Q

What is the oocyte like at birth?

A

Completely enclosed in follicular

19
Q

What cells inhibit meiosis in oocytes?

A

Granulosa cells

20
Q

When does meiosis first resume?

A

12 hours before ovulation

21
Q

What happens once the dominant follicle is established?

A

It produces inhibin to signal to the pituitary to stop producing FSH so that other follicles die.

22
Q

What are atretic follicles?

A

Those that die

23
Q

What are the supporting cells of oocytes and sperm?

A

Granulosa and Sertoli.

24
Q

What factors does the oocyte secrete to promote follicular cell growth?

A

BMP15 and GDF9

25
Q

List the functions of follicular cells.

A

Secrete factors for meiotic arrest
Low-level androgen production
Respond to LH
Produce aromatase enzyme to convert androgen to oestrogen

26
Q

List the function of Theca cels.

A

Angiogenic factor for blood supply to follicle
LH secretion
Oestrogen production

DEV2011 (13 decks)

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