Imaging 2

Question 1

Are fixed brains opaque or transparent?

Answer 1

opaque

Question 2

technique used to “see through” brain

Answer 2

clarity

Question 3

what can clarity allow?

Answer 3

travel through brain structures in 3D

label lots of molecules in whole brain and trace single cells

Question 4

last step of clarity

Answer 4

add brainbow labels

immunostaining with antibodies labelled with fluorescent tags

Question 5

how long does clarity take?

Answer 5

8 days

Question 6

steps of clarity

Answer 6

infuse with hydrogel solution

extract unbound fat

Question 7

hydrogel in clarity

Answer 7

set hydrogel mesh binds and supports rest of the brain

Question 8

what does hydrogel not bind?

Answer 8

fats and lipids

Question 9

what remains following hydrogel and extracting proteins/fat?

Answer 9

proteins embedded in cell membranes and dendritic spines

Question 10

application of clarity

Answer 10

pleasure and fear laid down in different pathways

give cocaine or electric shocks - cells that fired

Question 11

where are both pleasure and fear laid down?

Answer 11

medial prefrontal cortex

but stored along different pathways/axonal projections

Question 12

algebraic topography

Answer 12

describe emergent behaviours of neural networks from underlying structural firing pattern

Question 13

1st use of algebraic topography

Answer 13

model neuron interactions in 3D cortex
multidimension geometric structures and spaces
find hidden structures and see empty spaces

Question 14

claustrum

Answer 14

most connected structures in brain

connected to all cortical areas

Question 15

what receptors are high abundance in claustrum?

Answer 15

kappa opioid receptors

Question 16

claustrum and epilepsy

Answer 16

stimulate claustrum - lose consciousness