Imaging

Question 1

Normal inspiration paediatric chest xray?

Answer 1

8-9th posterior rib visible or 5-6th anterior rib
• hyperinflation >9 posterior or > 6 anterior ribs
• poor inspiration: <8 posterior ribs

Question 2

Which areas of the heart can be seen on lateral chest xray

Answer 2

Only left atrium and right ventricle

Question 3

Normal Cardiac ratio on xray in children?

Answer 3

<1 year: < 60%
> 1 year: < 50%

Question 4

Name 3 causes of increased pulmonary translucency CXR

Answer 4

“Too black”
- air leak/pneumothorax
- severe hyperinflation
- foreign body aspiration

Question 5

Name 5 causes of increased pulmonary Opacification on CXR

Answer 5

” Too white “
- Pulmonary infiltrates: consolidation eg pneumonia; pulmonary oedema, miliary Tb
- pulmonary collapse eg foreign body aspiration
- pulmonary hypoplasia/agenesis
- Pleural fluid eg effusion
- tumour infiltration/mass

Question 6

Define diaphragmatic eventration on CXR

Answer 6

Elevation right diaphragm > 3 cm than left

Question 7

Why is picture 16 poor quality xray

Answer 7

Underpenetration

Question 8

Why is picture 17 b poor quality xray

Answer 8

Overpentration

Question 9

Identify picture 24 and why (3)

Answer 9

Pulmonary Tb

• cauliflower appearance of hilum on ap (lymphadenopathy)
• airways compressed
• sometimes air cavity, effusion, miliary nodules-not shown here
• lateral view “doughnut “ sign: lymphadenopathy superimposed on mediastinal verses