Imagery Flashcards
Define Imagery
Using all the senses to re-create or create an experience in the mind
What are the 5 types of imagery?
- Visual
- Kinesthetic
- Auditory
- Olfactory
- Taste
What are the uses of imagery?
- Improving concentration
- Building confidence
- Controlling emotional responses
- Acquiring and practising sports skills
- Acquiring and praciticing strategy
- Coping with pain or injury
- Problem solving
What different ways do athletes image?
- Surroundings
- Nature (Positive/Negative)
- Internal/External Perspective
- Types of Imagery
What is external perspective imagery more useful for?
Suggested to help with acquisition and performance of skills dependent on form (e.g. snatch or C+J)
What is internal perspective imagery more useful for?
Suggested to help with tasks that depend on perception (e.g. archery, football tackle)
When do athletes use imagery?
In all phases/cycles of training
When is imagery more often used by Athletes throughout their training cycle?
- More before than during or after competition
- During Practice
- During Injury
What are the two main categories of reasons why athletes use imagery? (accoridng to Paivio’s Analytical Framework of Imagery Use)
Cognitive and Motivational functions
Explain the ‘Motivational’ category of reasons why athletes use imagery
visualising goals like winning competition or acquiring a skill helps motivate people to commit to training to achieving that goal
What can the motivational and cognitive imagery categories be further divided into?
Specific and General; i.e. MS, MG, CS. CG
What can Motivational General (MG) imagery be divided into?
MG-Mastery and MG-Arousal.
What is MG-Mastery Imagery?
Imaging performing well to maintain confidence, achieve mental toughness, focus, etc.
What is MG-Arousal Imagery?
using imagery to psych up or relax onesefl
What is Motivational Specific (MS) Imagery?
Imaging winning an event, for example, to build/maintain confidence
What is Cognitive Specific (CS) Imagery?
imaging successfully performing a technique or skill
What is Cognitive General (CG) Imagery?
Strategy
Two methods of assessing presence of imagery?
- Mental Chronometry
- Cognitive Interference
What factors affect the effectiveness of imagery?
- Nature of Task
- Skill level of performer
- Imaging Ability
- Presence of it alongside physical practice
What is the Psychoneuromuscular theory of imagery?
Imagery results in neuromuscular patterns that are identical to the patterns used during the actual movement
What support is there of the psychoneuromuscular theory of imagery?
Imagery produces low-level innervations of muscles
What is a gap in support for the psychoneuromuscular theory of imagery?
- Experiments lacked appropriate contorls
- Patterns of activation do not -always- match
What is the symbolic learning theory of imagery?
Imagery creates and strengthens ‘mental blueprints’ to make it easier to learn motor skills
What is the bioinformational theory of imagery?
Imagery which contains stimulus propositions AND response propositions are the most effective at eliciting physiological responses
