Goal Setting

Question 1

What is an objective goal?

Answer 1

Focus on attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task usually within a specified time

Question 2

What is a subjective goal?

Answer 2

A general statement of intent e.g. (I want to do well, I want to have fun, etc.)

Question 3

What are the different types of goal?

Answer 3

Outcome Goals
Performance Goals
Process Goals

Question 4

What are outcome goals?

Answer 4

Typically focus on a competitive result of an event

Question 5

What are performance goals?

Answer 5

Typically focus on achieving standards or performance objectives, independent of other competitors

Question 6

What are process goals?

Answer 6

Typically focus on the actions an individual must engage in during performance to execute or perform well

Question 7

What influence do outcome goals have on behaviour?

Answer 7

• Facilitates short term motivation

- Can increase anxiety and distracting thoughts if during competition

Question 8

What are the benefits of performance or process goals compared to outcome goals; why might they be more useful?

Answer 8

• Useful at time of competition
• Can make more precise adjustments
• Depends less on opponents behaviour

Question 9

What are the two views through which goal setting is believed to improve performance?

Answer 9

• Indirect thought process view

- Direct Mechanistic view

Question 10

What is the indirect thought process view of how goal setting improves performance?

Answer 10

Goals improves performance through affecting psychological factors like confidence and anxiety

Question 11

What is the direct mechanistic view of how goal setting improves performance?

Answer 11

• Directs attention to important elements of a skill
• Mobilises performer efforts
• Prolongs performer persistence
• Foster development of new learning strategies

Question 12

What are the two fundamental premises of goal setting theory?

Answer 12

• Realistically difficult goals lead to higher levels of performance than easy goals
• Specific goals lead to better performance than vague goals, ‘do your best’ goals or no goals

Question 13

Explain how goal proximity affects the effectiveness of goal setting

Answer 13

Short term goals are more effective than long term goals

Question 14

What are the Goal setting principles according to Weinberg & Gould, 2012?

Answer 14

Goals must be:

• Specific
• Realistically difficult
• Long and Short term
• Including performance, process and outcome goals
• Different for practice and competition
• Recorded regularly
• Evaluated regularly

Question 15

What is a group goal?

Answer 15

The future state of affairs desired by enough members of a group to work towards its achievement

Question 16

What are common problems/mistakes in goal setting?

Answer 16

• Failing to convince athletes to set goals
• Failing to set specific goals
• Failing to adjust goals
• Failing to set performance and process goals
• Not providing goal follow up evaluation