Image review notes 2nd year

Question 1

Shoulder

Answer 1

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning for AP and axial “you can see the glenoid humeral joint”

Area of interest AP- medial end of the clavicle, proximal 3rd of the humerus, inferior angle of the scapula
Area of interest Axial- includes proximal portion of the humerus to distal portion of the clavicle

Exposure factors: For AP 65kVp 16 mAs
For axial 70kVp 20mAs

The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good I can see the trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact
OA? nails? anything in the lungs?

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 2

Elbow (or knee)

Answer 2

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning: For AP you should see the epicondyles of the humerus so you know the patient is rotated.
For lateral: the epicondyles overlap and you can see the olecranon

Area of interest- distal 3rd of the humerus and proximal 3rd of radius and ulna, you should see the epicondyles so you know the patient is rotated.
Exposure factors: For AP kVp: 52 mAs: 5, For lateral kVp: 52 mAs: 5

The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good I can see the trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 3

Knee (or elbow)

Answer 3

Patient demos
Preprocess marker (or postprocessed)
Distal 3rd femur and proximal 3rd tib and fib and soft tissue borders
Apex of the patella see the joint space 2.5cm from it
Patella is sitting in the middle no rotation

Exposure factors a 60 KV 3 mAs, 10-cgycm2

The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good I can see the trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefacts
Knee replacement or OA

Need for actions
Nothing the pics are sent to the doctor

Question 4

Pelvis and/or hip ……….

Answer 4

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning- supine, toes turned in if possible

Area of interest- Top of crests, down to symphysis pubis, including lesser trochanters

Exposure factors ……………

The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good I can see the trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact
hip replacements? …..

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 5

Long bones ……….

Answer 5

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning …………….

Area of interest- ………….
Exposure factors ……………

The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good I can see the trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 6

Mobile thorax

Answer 6

Patient demos
Marker

Area of interest- apices of lungs and costophrenic angles
Patient positing (Rotation- clavicles are straight)

Exposure factors are …..
The contrast- you can see the spinous processes and trabecular pattern
Sharpness- cortex of the bone
brightness- you can see tissue air and bone

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 7

Vertebral column C spine

Answer 7

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning …………….
Centring point- Thyroid cartilage

Area of interest- …………. T7

Exposure factors ……………
The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good you can see the spinous processes and trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 8

C spine peg view

Answer 8

lower teeth
Lateral masses of C1
see the peg
C1 and C2
Any rotation of the patient
Bifid spinous process is central?

Question 9

Vertebral column T spine

Answer 9

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning- Erect or supine, clavies are equidistant
Centring mid sternal

Area of interest- (C7) T1 to T12 (L1) and where the ribs meet the transverse vertebral processes

Exposure factors ……………
The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good you can see the pedicles and trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork

Question 10

Vertebral column L spine

Answer 10

Patient demos
Marker
patient positioning- Erect or supine …….
Centring point - L3 lower rib ends ………

Area of interest- (T12) L1 to sacroiliac joints

Exposure factors ……………
The brightness is good because I can differentiate bone from soft tissue
The contrast is good you can see the spinous processes and trabecular pattern
Sharpness is good cause I can see the cortex of the bone is not blurry

Pathology or artefact

Need for actions
send to PACS, fill in paperwork