Image Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
The term varus refers to
A
turned inward
2
Q
Demonstration of the posterior fat pad on the lateral projection of the adult elbow can be caused by
A
trauma or other pathology
less than 90=degree flexion
3
Q
Which statements regarding knee x-ray arthrography is (are) true?
A
Ligament tears can be demonstrated.
Sterile technique is observed.
MRI can follow x-ray.
4
Q
The coronoid process should be visualized in profile in which of the following positions
A
Medial oblique view
5
Q
The male bony pelvis differs from the female bony pelvis in which way
A
The female pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees.
The male ilium is more vertical.
6
Q
Which techniques would provide a PA projection of the gastroduodenal surfaces of a barium-filled high and transverse stomach
A
Angle the CR 35 to 45 degrees cephalad
7
Q
Which of the following is demonstrated in a 25-degree RPO position with the CR entering 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS?
A
Left sacroiliac joint
8
Q
All of the following statements regarding respiratory structures are true except
A
the inferior portion of the lung is apex
TRUE
- the right lung has three lobes
- each lung is enclosed in serous membrane
- the main stem bronchi enter the lung hilum
9
Q
All of the following statements regarding an exact PA Projection of the skull are true except
A
The MSP is parallel to IR
TRUE
- the OML is perpendicular to IR
- the petrous pyramids fill the orbits
- the CR is perpendicular to the IR and exits at nasion
10
Q
The relationship between the ends of fractured long bones is referred to as
A
apposition
11
Q
Pacemaker electrodes can be introduced through the vein in the chest or upper extremity, from where they are advanced to the
A
right ventricle
12
Q
Widening of the intercostal spaces is characteristics of which conditions
A
Emphysema
13
Q
Which structures is (are) located in the RUQ?
A
Hepatic flexure and Gallbladder
14
Q
A lateral projection of the larynx is occassionally required to rule out foreign body, polyps, or tumor. The CR should be directed
A
to the level of laryngeal prominence
15
Q
During an upper gastrointestinal examination, a stomach of average shape demonstrates a barium-filled fundus and double contrast of the pylorus and duodenal bulb. The position used is most likely
A
LPO
16
Q
Which of the following articulations participate(s) in formation of the ankle mortise?
A
Talotibial and TAlofibular
17
Q
Which projection of the foot will best demostrate the longitudinal arch?
A
Lateral weight-bearing
18
Q
Graves disease is associated with
A
Thyroid overactivity
19
Q
To best visualize the lower ribs, the exposure should be made
A
on expiration
20
Q
In the AP Axial Projection (Towne method) of the skull, with the CR directed 30 degrees caudad to the OML and passing midway between the external auditory meatus, which of the following is best demonstrated
A
Occipital bone
21
Q
The right posterior oblique (Judet Method) of the right acetabulum will demonstrate the
A
anterior rim of the right acetabulum
right iliac wing
22
Q
Below diaphragm ribs are better demontrated when
A
the patient is in the recumbent position
23
Q
A frontal view of the sternum is best accomplished in which positions?
A
RAO
24
Q
What is the name of the condition that results in the forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below it?
A
Spondylolisthesis
25
During atrial systole, blood flows into the
left ventricle via the bicuspid valve
| right ventricle via tricuspid valve
26
How should the chest examination to rule out air-fluid levels be obtained on a patient having traumatic injuries?
Include a lateral chest examination performed in dorsal decubitus position
27
All of the following statements regarding the use of iodinated contrast agents with patients taking metformin hydrochloride are true except
metformin should be held for 48 hours before IV iodinated contrast studies
TRUE
* metformin is used to help lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetic patients
* patients in metformin who have intravenous(IV) iodinated contrast agent administration are at risk for renal failure
* metformin should be withheld for 48 hours after IV iodinated contrast studies
28
Which of the following positions is essential in radiography of the paranasal sinuses
Erect
29
What projection of the os calsis is obtained with the leg extended, the plantar surface of the foot vertical and perpendicular to the IR, and the CR directed 40 degrees cephalad?
Axial plantodorsal projection
30
Which of the following is an important consideration to avoid excessive metacarpophalangeal joint overlap in the oblique position of the hand?
Oblique the hand no more than 45 degrees
31
All of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to the IR?
weight-bearing
* RAO
* LAO
* PA
32
Which of the following positions is most likely to place the right kidney parallel to IR?
LPO
33
When examining a patient whose elbow is in partial flexion, how should an AP Projection be obtained?
With humerus parallel to IR, CR perpendicular
| With forearm parallel to IR, CR perpendicular
34
Which of the following positions is required to demonstrate small amounts of air in the peritoneal cavity?
Lateral decubitus, affected side up
35
Which of the anatomic structures listed below is seen most anteriorly in a lateral projection of the chest?
Cardiac Apex
36
For an AP projection of the knee on a patient whose measurement from ASIS to tabletop is 21cm, which CR direction will best demonstrate the knee joint?
0 degrees (perpendicular)
37
During GI radiography, the position of the stomach may vary depending
* the respiratory phase
* body habitus
* patient position
38
With a patient in the PA position and the OML perpendicular to the table, a 15 to 20-degree caudal angulation would place the petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbit. To achieve the same result in a baby or small child, it is necessary for the radiographer to modify the angulation to
10-15 degrees caudal
39
In the lateral projection of the foot, the
Plantar surface should be perpendicular to IR
| Metatarsals are superimposed
40
Which of the following projections can be used to supplement the traditional "open-mouth" projection when the upper portion of the odontoid process cannot be well demonstrated?
AP or PA throug the foramen magnum
41
The floor of the cranium includes all the following bones except
the occipital bone
42
A lateral projection of the hand extention is often recommended to evaluate
a foreign body
| a soft tissue
43
Hysterosalpingography may be performed for demonstration of
* uterine tubal patency
* mass lesions in the uterine cavity
* uterine position
44
Which of the following equipment is necessary for ERCP?
A fluoroscopic unit with imaging device and tilt-table capabilities
A fiberoptic endoscope
Polyethylene catheters
45
With the patient recumbent on the xray table with the head lower than the feet, the patient is said to be in the
Trendelenburg position
46
Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the axillary ribs of the right thorax?
LAO, RPO
47
In which projection of the foot are the interspaces between the first and the second cuneiforms best demonstrated?
Lateral Oblique Foot
48
The sternal angle is at approximately the same level as the
T5
49
Which of the following structures is (are) located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?
Gallbladder, Hepatic Flexure
50
To demonstrate esophageal varices, the patient must be examined in
the recumbent position
51
The tissue that occupies the central cavity within the shaft of a long bone in an adult is
yellow marow
52
All of the following structures are associated with the posterior femur except
intertrochanteric line
53
All the following statements regarding pediatric positioning are true except
radiography of pediatric patients with a myelomeningocele defect should be performed in the supine position
54
Which of the following bony landmarks is in the same transverse plane as the symphysis pubis?
Prominence of the greater trochanter
55
A radiolucent sponge can be placed under the patient's waist for a lateral projection of the lumbosacral spine to
make the vertebral column parallel with the IR
| place the intervertebral disk spaces perpendicular to the IR
56
To reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR in CR/DR imaging of the lumbosacral region, which of the following is (are) recommended?
Close collimation
| Lead mat on table posterior to the patient
57
The act of expiration will cause the
sternum and ribs to move inferiorly
| diaphragm to move superiorly
58
Evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the humerus include
lesser tubercle in profile
| superimposed epicondyles
59
Which position of the shoulder demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially?
internal rotation
60
With the patient in PA position, which of the following tube angle and direction combinations is correct for an axial projection of the clavicle?
15-30 degrees caudad
61
Which of the following fracture classifications describes a small bony fragment pulled from a bony process?
Avulsion fracture
62
What portion of the humerus articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint?
Trochlea
63
Movement of a part toward the midline of the body is termed
adduction
64
During the myelography, contrast medium is introduced into the
subarachnoid space
65
The junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures is the
bregma
66
A patient unable to extend his or her arm is seated at the end of the x-ray table, elbow flexed 90 degrees. The CR is directed 45 degrees medially. Which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?
Radial Head and Capitulum
67
Examples of synovial pivot articulations include the
atlantoaxial joint
| radioulnar joint
68
The lumbar transverse process is represented by what part of the "Scotty dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine?
Nose
69
An injury to a structure located on the side opposite that of the primary injury is referred to as
contrecoup
70
In which of the following positions can the sesamoid bones of the foot be demonstrated to be free of superimposition with the metatarsals or phalanges?
Tangential metatarsals/toes
71
Which of the following conditions is limited specifically to the tibial tuberosity?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
72
AP stress studies of the ankle may be performed
following inversion or eversion injuries
| to demonstrate a ligament tear
73
Which of the following is (are) part of the bony thorax?
Manubrium and 24 ribs
74
Aspirated foreign bodies in older children and adults are most likely to lodge in the
right main stem bronchus
75
Which of the following articulate(s) with the bases of the metatarsals?
cuboid and cuneiforms
76
With the patient seated at the end of the xray table, elbow flexed 80 degrees, and the CR directed 45 degrees laterally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, which of the following structures will be demonstrated best?
coronoid process
77
The structures forming the brainstem include
pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain
78
The CR will parallel the intervertebral foramina in which of the following projections?
lateral thoracic spine
| lateral lumbar spine
79
What structure can be located midway between the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) and pubic symphysis?
dome of the acetabulum
80
Which of the following positions demonstrates the sphenoid sinuses?
```
Modified Waters (mouth open)
Lateral
```
81
The articular facets of L5-S1 are best demonstrated in a (n)
30-degree oblique
82
The patient,s chin should be elevated during chest radiography to
avoid superimposition on the apices
83
The secondary center of ossification in long bones is the
epiphysis
84
Medial displacement of a tibial fracture would be best demonstrated in the
AP Projection
85
The lumbar lamina is represented by what part of the "Scotty Dog" seen in a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine view
Body
86
Which of the following positions would best demonstrate the proximal tibiofibular articulation?
45-degree internal rotation
87
At what level do the carotid arteries bifurcate?
C4
88
During a double-contrast BE, which of the following positions would afford the best double-contrast visualization of the lateral wall of the descending colon and the medial wall of the ascending colon
Right lateral decubitus
89
Which of the following conditions is often the result of ureteral obstruction or stricture?
Hydronephrosis
90
Which of the following examinations involves the introduction of a radiopaque contrast medium through a uterine cannula?
Hysterosalpingogram
91
All of the following statements regarding large bowel are true except
single-contrast studies help to demonstrate intraluminal lesions
* the large bowel must be completely empty prior to examination
* retained fecal material can obscure pathology
* double-contrast studies help to demostrate mucosal lesions
92
In a lateral projection of the normal knee, the
* fibular head should be somewhat superimposed on the proximal tibia
* patellofemoral joint should be visualized
* femoral condyles should be superimposed
93
All elbow fat pads are best demonstrated in which position?
Lateral
94
The term used to describe expectoration of blood from the bronchi is
hemoptysis
95
Double contrast examinations of stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the
gastric or bowel mucosa
96
Which of the following are mediastinal structure
* Heart
* Trachea
* Esophagus
heart, trachea and esophagus
97
In which position of the shoulder is the greater tubercle seen superimposed on the humeral head?
internal rotation
98
Which of the following articulations may be describes as diarthrotic?
* Knee
* Intervertebral joints
* TMJ
Knee, TMJ
99
Ulnar flexion/deviation will best demonstrate which carpal(s)?
* Medial carpals
* Lateral carpals
* Scaphoid
Lateral carpals
| Scaphoid
100
Structures comprising the neural, or vertebral, arch include
* pedicles
* laminae
* body
pedicles and laminae
101
In which type of fracture are the splintered ends of bone forced through the skin?
Compound
102
The thoracic apophyseal joints are demonstrated with the
MSP 20 degrees to the IR
103
Which of the following may be used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint?
* Scapular Y projection
* Inferiorsuperior axial
* Transthoracic Lateral
All of them
104
The long, flat structures that project posteromedially from the pedicles are the
laminae
105
The type of ileus characterized by cessation of peristalsis is termed
paralytic
106
Radiography of which of the following structure(s) in the AP or PA position will inherently result in an image demonstrating shape distortion of the anatomic part?
* Kidney
* Scaphoid
* Sigmoid
All of them
107
Which of the following procedures will best demonstrate the cephalic, basilic, and subclavian veins?
Upper-limb venogram
108
The body habitus charaterized by a long and narrow thoracic cavity and low midline stomach and gallbladder is the
asthenic
109
Which should be performed to rule out subluxation or fracture of the cervical spine?
Horizontal beam lateral
110
Which of the following is proximal to the carpal bones?
Radial styloid process
111
Which of the following statements regarding the scapular Y projection of the shoulder is (are) true?
The scapular borders should be superimposed on the humeral shaft.
An oblique projection odf the shoulder is obtained.
112
Which of the following are characteristics of the hypersthenic body type?
* Short, wide, transverse heart
| * High and peripheral large bowel
113
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the
tongue
114
With the patient's head in a PA position and the CR sirected 20 degrees cephalad, which part of the mandible will be best visualized?
Rami
115
During IV urography, the prone position generally is recommended to demonstrate
* the filling of the ureters
| * the renal pelvis
116
The plane that passes vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior halves, is termed the
midcoronal plane
117
To demonstrate a profile view of the glenoid fossa, the patient is AP recumbentand oblique 45 degrees
toward the affected side
118
During an air-contrast BE, in what part of the colon is air most likely to be visualized with the body in the AP recumbent position?
Transverse colon
119
Central ray angulation may be required for
* foreshortening of self-superimposition
| * superimposition of overlying structures
120
Which of the following is recommended to better demonstrate the tarsometatarsal joints in a dorsoplantar projection of the foot?
Angle the CR 10 egrees posteriorly
121
Valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm requires that
* the radius and ulna be superimposed distally
| * the radial tuberosity should face anteriorly
122
Which of the following positions will provide an AP projection of the L5-S1 interspace?
Patient AP with 30-35 angle cephalad
123
Subject/object unsharpness can result from al of the following except when
anatomic object(s) of interest is/are in the path of the CR
124
The true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles
IPL perpendicular to IR
| IOML parallel to the transverse axis of the IR
125
A kyphotic curve is formed by which of the following?
* Sacral Vertebrae
| * Thoracic Vertebrae
126
Which of the following is (are) required for a lateral projection of the skull?
The IOML is parallel to IR
| The MSP is parallel to IR
127
The ossified portion of a long bone where cartilage has been replaced by bone is known as the
metaphysis
128
Which of the following positions will most effectively move the gallbladder away from the vertebrae in an asthenic patient?
LAO
129
The illeocecal valve noramally is located in which of the following body regions?
Right Iliac
130
Which of the following is (are) true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints?
* The procedure is performed in the erect position.
| * Use of weights can improve demonstration of joints.
131
A type of cancerous bone tumor occuring in children and young adults and arising from bone marrow is
Ewing Sarcoma
132
Arteries and veins enter and exit the medial aspect of each lung at the
hilus
133
Which of the following skull positions will demonstrate the cranial base, sphenoidal sinuses, atlas and odontoid process?
SMV
134
Which of the following is (are) located on the anterior aspect of the femur?
Patellar surface
135
An intrathecal injection is associated with which of the following examinations
Myelogram
136
Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to evaluation criteria for a PA projection of the chest for lungs?
* Sternal extremities of clavicles are equidistant from vertebral borders.
* Ten posterior ribs are demonstrated above the diaphragm.
137
In which of the following positions/projections will the talocalcaneal joint be visualized?
Plantodorsal projection of the os calcis
138
In the lateral projection of the ankle, the
* talotibial joint is visualized
| * tibia and fibula are superimposed.
139
All the following positions are likely to be employed for both single- anddouble-contrast examinations of the large bowel except
* lateral rectum
* AP axial rectosignoid
* right and left lateral decubitus abdomen
* RAO and LAO abdomen
right and left lateral decubitus of the abdomen
140
Which of the ff can be used to demostrate the intercondyloid fossa?
* Prone, knee flexed 40 degrees, CR directed caudad 40 degrees to the popliteal fossa
* Prone, patella parallel to IR, heel rotated 5 to 10 degrees lateral, CR perpendicular to knee joint
141
Which of the ff statements regrding the Norgaard method, "Ball Cather's position is (are) correct?
* Bilateral AP Oblique hands are obtained.
* It is used for early detection of rheumatoid arthritis.
* The hands are oblique about 45 degrees, palm up
142
With the px in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR, the resulting radiograph will demonstrate the petrous pyramids
completely within the orbits
143
When evaluating a PA Axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle, the radiographer should see
* petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits
* equal distance fro the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally
* symmetrical petrous pyramids
144
Which of the ff baium filled anatomic structures is best demonstrated in the LPO position?
Hepatic flexure
145
The uppermost portion of the iliac crest is at approximately the same level as the
fourth lumbar vertebra
146
What is the position of the stomach in a hypersthenic patient?
High and horizontal
147
In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the structures est seen are the
intervertebral foramina nearest to the IR
148
During chest radiography, the act of inspiration
raises the ribs
| depresses the abdominal viscera
149
in the lateral projection of the scapula, the
vertebral and axillary borders are superimposed
150
Which of the ff is (are) true in an AP Projection of the cervical spine?
* Intervertebral disk spaces
* C3-7 cervical bodies
* Apophyseal joints
* Intervertebral disk spaces
| * C3-7 cervical bodies
151
Which of the following does the trapezium articulate?
First metacarpal
152
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA Axial Projection of the paranasal sinuses?
* The OML is elevated 15degrees from the horizontal
| * The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized.
153
Tracheotomy is an effective technique used to restore breathing when there is
respiratory pathway obstruction above the larynx
154
To demonstrate the first two cervical vertebrae in the AP Projection, the patient is positioned so that
a line between maxillary occlusal plane and the mastoid tip is vertical
155
For which of the following conditions is operative cholangiography a useful tool?
1. Patency of the billiary ducts
2. Biliary tract calculi
3. Galbladder calculi
1 & 2
156
For the average patient, the CR for the lateral projection of a barium-filled stomach should enter
midway between the midcoronal line and the anterior abdominal surface
157
Which of the ff positions is obtained with the patient lying supine on the radiographic table with the CR directed horizontally to the iliac crest?
Dorsal decubitus position
158
Which of the ff is (are) appropriate technique(s) for imaging a patient with traumatic spine injury?
* Maneuver the xray tube instead of moving the patient
| * Call for help and use the log-rolling method to turn the patient
159
Which of the ff is used to demonstrate vertical patellar fractures and the patellofemoral articulation?
Tangential Patella
160
Which of the ff examinations is used to demostrate vesicoureteral reflux?
Voiding cystourethrogram
161
Which of the ff should be demonstrated in a true AP projection of the clavicle?
1. Clavicular Body
2. AC joint
3. Sternocostal joint
1 and 2
162
Which of the following projections is the talofibular joint is best demonstrated?
Medial Oblique
163
Free air in the abdominal cavity is best demonstrated in which position?
AP projection, left lateral decubitus position
164
Which of the ff sequences correctly describes the path of blood flow as it leaves the left ventricle?
Arteries, arterioles, Capillaries, venules, veins
165
Which of the ff projections of the elbow should demonstrate the radial head free of superimposition?
Lateral Oblique
166
Which of the ff projections will best demonstrate acromioclavicular separation?
AP Erect, both shoulder
167
Which of the ff statements regarding myelography is (are) correct?
* SPinal puncture may be performed int he prone or flexed lateral position
* The patient's neck must be in extension during Trendelenburg positions.
168
The term that refers to parts away from the source or beginning is
distal
169
With the patient PA, the MSP centered to the grid, the OML forming a 37-degree angle with the IR, and the CR perpendicular and exiting the acanthion, which of the ff is best demonstrated?
Facial bones
170
The inhalation of liquid or solid particles into the nose, throat, or lungs is referred to as
aspiration
171
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) usually involves
* cannulation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
| * introduction of contrast medium into the common bile duct
172
Which of the ff is (are) associated with a Colles' fracture?
* chip fracture of the ulnar styloid
| * posterior and backward displacement
173
The axiolateral, or horizontal beam, projection of the hip requires the IR to be placed
parallel to the long axis of the femoral neck
| *in contact with the lateral surface of the body
174
Which of the ff guidelines should be followed when performing radiographic examinations on pediatric patients?
Use restraint only when necessary
175
Which of the ff interventional procedures can be used to increase the diameter of a stenosed vessel?
* Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
| * Stent Placement
176
Important considerations for radiographic examinations of traumatic injuries to the upper extremity include
* both joints must be included in long bone studies
| * two views, at 90 degrees to each other, are required
177
Correct preparation for a patient scheduled for an upper GI series is most likely to be
NPO after midnight
178
The contraction and expansion of arterial walls in accordance with forceful contraction and relaxation of the heart are called
pulse
179
The AP Trendelenburg position is often used during upper GI examination to demonstrate
hiatal hernia
180
Which of the ff positions would be the best choice for a right shoulder examination to rule out fracture?
AP and Scapular Y
181
Which of the ff projections will best demonstrate the tarsal navicular free of superimposition?
AP oblque, medial rotation
182
Which of the ff bones participate(s) in the formation of the obturator foramen?
1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis
Ischium and Pubis
183
Which of the ff radiologic procedures requires that a contrast medium be injected into the renal pelvis via a catheter placed within the ureter?
Retrograde Urography
184
The AP Projection of the coccyx requires that the CR be directed
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
185
Which of the ff views would best demonstrate the arthritic changes in the knees?
AP Erect
186
Which of the ff positions will demonstrate the lumbar apophyseal articulation?
30-degree RPO
187
Which of the ff will best demonstrate the size and shape of the liver and kidneys?
AP ABdomen
188
Correct preparation for a patient scheduled for a lower GI series is most likely to be
cathartics and cleansing enema
189
The AP axial projection, or "frog leg" position of the femoral neck places the patient in a supine position with the affected thigh
abducted 40 degrees from the vertical
190
Which of the ff precautions should be observed when radiographing a patient who has sustained a traumatic injury to the hip?
* When a fracture is suspected, manipulation of the affected extremity should be performed by a physician.
* To evaluate the entire region, the pelvis typically is included in the initial examination
191
Which of the ff projections require(s) that the humeral epicondyles be perpendicular to the IR?
* Lateral forearm
| * Internal rotation shoulder
192
Prior to the start of an IVU, which of the ff procedures should be carried out?
* HAve px empty the bladder
* Review the patient's allergy history.
* Check the patient's creatinine level.
193
To demonstrate the entire circumference of the radial head, exposure(s) must be made with the
* Epicondyles perpendicular to the cassetehand
* HAnd pronated and supinated as much as possible
* Hand lateral and in internal rotation
194
In myelography, the contrast medium generally is injected into the
subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
195
To evaluate the interphalangeal joints in the oblique and lateral positions, the fingers
must supported parallel to IR
196
Which of the ff is (are) effective in reducing exposure to sensitive tissues for frontal views during scoliosis examinations?
* Use of PA position
* Use of breast shields
* Use of compensating filtration
197
Which type of articulation is evaluated in arthrography?
Diarthrodial
198
The laryngeal prominence is formed by the
throid cartilage
199
In the AP projection of the ankle, the
* plantar surface of the foot is vertical
| * fibula projects more distally than the tibia
200
Which of the ff examinations most likely would be performed to diagnose Wilm's tumor?
IVU
201
To visualize or "open" the right SI joint, the patient is positioned
25 to 30 degrees LPO
202
Deoxygenated blood from the head and thorax is returned to the heart by the
superior vena cava
203
Which of the ff women is likely to have the most homogenous glandular breast tissue?
a postpubertal adolescent
204
Standard radiographic protocols may be reduced to include two views, at right angles to each other, in which of the ff positions?
Emergency and trauma radiography
205
Which of the ff is a condition in which an occluded blood vessel stops blood flow to a portion of lungs?
Pulmonary embolism
206
Ff the ingestion of a fatty meal, what hormone is secreted by the duodenal mucosa to stimulate contraction of the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin
207
Which of the ff projections is most likely to demonstrate the carpal pisiform free of superimposition?
AP (medial) oblique
208
Myelography is a diagnostic examination used to demonstrate
* posttraumatic swelling of the spinal cord
| * posterior disk herniation
209
Which of the ff blood chemistry levels must be the radiographer check prior to excretory urography?
* Creatinine
| * BUN
210
Which of the ff are components of a trimalleolar fracture?
* Fractured lateral malleolus
* Fractured medial malleolus
* Fractured posterior tibia
211
The functions of which body system include mineral homeostasis, protection, and triglyceride storage?
Skeletal
212
The four major arteries supplying the brain include the
* Common carotid arteries
| * Vertebral arteries
213
Ingestion of the barium sulfate is contraindicated in which of the ff situations?
* Suspected perforation of a hollow viscus
* Suspected large bowel obstruction
* Preoperative patients
214
Which of the ff is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children?
Intussusception
215
Which of the ff statements is (are) correct, with respect to a left lateral projection of the chest?
* The MSP must be perfectly vertical and parallel to the IR
* The right posterior ribs will be projected slightly posterior to the left posterior ribs
* Arms must be raised high to preventupper-arm-soft-tissue superimposition on the lung field.
216
Which of the ff bones participate(s) in the formation of knee joint?
Femur and Tibia
217
All the ff are palpable bony landmarks used in radiography of the pelvis except?
the femoral neck
218
Lateral deviation of the nasal septum may be demonstrated in the
pariethoacanthial (Waters method) projection
219
Which of the ff structures should be visualized through the foramen magnum in the AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull for occipital bone?
Posterior clinoid processes
| Dorsum Sella
220
In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the CR should be directed
15 degrees caudad to C4
221
Which of the ff is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?
Flexion and extension laterals
222
If a patient's zygomatic arch has been traumatically depressed or the patient has flat cheekbones, the arch maybe demonstrated by modifying the SMV projection and rotating the patient's head
15 degrees toward the side being examined
223
Which of the ff factors can contribute to hypertension?
Obesity
Smoking
Stress
224
Orthoroentgenography, or radiographic measurement of long bones of an upper or lower extremity, requires which of the ff accessories?
* Bell-Thompson scale
| * Bucky tray
225
Which of the ff is (are) demonstrated in a lateral projection of the cervical spine?
* Apophyseal joints
| * Intervertebral joints
226
In a lateral projection of the nasal bones, the CR is directed
3/4 inch distal tot he nasion
227
To make a patient as comfortable as possible during a single-contrast barium enema (BE), the radiographer should
* instruct the px to relax the abdominal muscles to prevent intra abdominal pressure
* instruct the px to concentrate on breathing deeply to reduce a colonic spasm
228
Which of the ff positions will best demonstrate the right apophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae?
RPO
229
Structures involved in blowout fractures include the
* orbital floor
| * inferior rectus muscle
230
Inspiration and expiration projections of the chest are performed to demonstrate
* partial or complete collapse of lobe(s)
* air in the pleural cavity
* foreign body
231
Shoulder arthrography is performed to
* demonstrate complete or partial rotator cuff tear
| * evaluate the glenoid labrum
232
Which of the ff positions will separate the radial head, neck, and tuberosity from superimposition on the ulna?
Lateral oblique
233
The most significant risk factor for breast cancer is
gender
234
Which of the ff structures is located at the level of the interspace between the second and the third thoracic verterbrae?
Jugular notch
235
For the AP projection of the scapula, the
* patient's arm is abducted at right angles to the body
* patient's elbow is flexed with the hand supinated
* exposure is made during quiet breathing
236
The innominate bone is located in the
pelvis
237
The sternoclavicular joints are best demonstrated with the patient PA and
in a slight oblique position, affected side adjacent to the IR
238
Which of the ff sinus groups is demonstrated with the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters Method) with the CR directed through the patient's open mouth?
Sphenoidal
239
Below-diaphragm ribs are better demonstrated when
the patient is in the recumbent position
240
Which of the ff positions is essential in radiography of the paranasal sinuses?
Erect
241
What projection of the os calsis is obtained with the leg extended, the plantar surface of the foot vertical and perpendicular to the IR, and the CR directed 40 degrees cephalad?
Axial plantodorsal projection
