Image Critique #2 Notes Flashcards
What should be at the center of your collimated field for Caldwell projections?
ethmoid sinuses
What should be included for a caldwell for the cranium?
- Outer cranial cortices
- ethmoid sinuses
- mandible not as necessary
Where will the petrous ridges lie in caldwell for Cranium?
- filling the lower 1/3rd of the orbits
What line do we keep perpendicular for caldwell projections?
the OML
How would excessive caudal angle / not enough chin tuck appear on Cranial Caldwell?
Petrous ridges seen below/inferior to infraorbital margins
How would insufficient caudal angle / too much chin tuck appear on cranial Caldwell?
Petrous ridges seen in >1/3rd of orbits
Where do you look for rotation? for tilt? (on cranial caldwell)
rotation:
- look at lateral orbital margins and lateral skull margins and check distance b/w
Tilt:
- look at nasal septum if it’s aligned with L-axis of the field
- look at supraorbital margin if they’re on the same horizontal plane
What body part groups do we do caldwells for?
All of them
What anatomy must be included for the parietoacanthial (waters) projection?
- Frontal and maxillary sinuses
- Lateral cranial cortices
What should be at the center of the field for a waters projection?
Anterior Nasal Spine
Where will the petrous ridges sit for a waters projection?
Below the maxillary sinus and extend laterally from posterior maxillary alveolar process
How will the image appear with insufficient chin elavation (MML too low)
Petrous ridges seen superior to maxillary sinus floorWH
How will excessive chin elevation (MML too high) appear on an image?
P.R well below maxillary sinuses
What are the 2 main errors to look for in lateral images?
Tilt and rotation
How do you look for rotation on lateral images?
Look at anterior/posterior misalignment in:
- sella turcica
- mandibular rami
- greater wings of sphenoid (best way IMO)
- EAMs
- Zygomatic Bones (almost impossible to see IMO)
- Anterior cranial cortices
You wont be able to tell which way they’re rotated based on image alone, you must look at the patient IRL to determine what happened
How do you look for tilt on lateral images?
Look at superior/inferior misalignment in:
- Orbital roofs (best way IMO)
- Greater wings of sphenoid
- EAMs
- Zygomatic Bones
- Inferior Cranial Cortices
IPL was NOT lined up
What is at the center of the field for a lateral cranial projection?
- 2” superior to EAM
What is the center of the field for a lateral facial bone / sinuses projection?
- Midway b/w outer canthus and EAM
What do you need to include for facial bones / sinuses projection?
- Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses
- Greater wings
- Orbital roofs
- Sella Turcica
- Zygomatic bones
- Mandible (mentum not as important)
What must be seen in the open mouth waters projection for the sinuses?
- The sphenoid sinus within the open mouth, below the upper incisors
