ika tulo Flashcards
In a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) system, what does effective mass refer to?
The total mass of all components in the system.
The mass required to create a specific damping effect.
The mass accounting for the inertia of the vibrating body.
A measure of how fast the system can oscillate.
c) The mass accounting for the inertia of the vibrating body.
When modeling an underdamped continuous system, how are natural frequencies typically derived?
By applying a simple mass-spring model only.
From eigenvalue problems that consider both stiffness and mass distributions.
By averaging the frequencies of individual components.
Using only the maximum displacement observed.
c) From eigenvalue problems that consider both stiffness and mass distributions.
What does the term ‘natural frequency’ imply in the study of vibrations?
The minimum frequency required for any vibration.
The maximum frequency limit of a vibrating system.
The frequency that is externally applied to amplify vibrations.
The frequency at which the system naturally oscillates when disturbed.
d) The frequency at which the system naturally oscillates when disturbed.
What is the effect of increased damping on the natural frequency of a damped oscillator?
The natural frequency remains effectively unchanged but the oscillations decay more quickly.
The system becomes unstable and frequency increases.
The natural frequency decreases significantly.
It completely eliminates the natural frequency.
B. The natural frequency remains effectively unchanged but the oscillations decay more quickly.
In a damped oscillator, how does the damping ratio relate to the system’s oscillations?
It indicates whether the system is underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped.
It equals the ratio of the spring constant to mass.
It measures the frequency of external forcing.
It defines the maximum amplitude of oscillations.
a) It indicates whether the system is underdamped, critically damped, or overdamped.
What is the definition of amplitude in the context of a vibrating system?
The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
The frequency of oscillations within one second.
The total energy of the system during an oscillation.
The rate of change of velocity in a system.
a) The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
What role does flexural rigidity play in the natural frequency of a cantilever beam?
It influences the beam’s resistance to bending, thus affecting its natural frequency.
It has no effect on the frequency at all.
It only pertains to the weight of the beam.
Higher rigidity reduces mass and increases frequency.
a) It influences the beam’s resistance to bending, thus affecting its natural frequency.
What does the damping ratio measure in a vibrating system?
The maximum displacement achieved before stopping.
The total energy dissipated during oscillation.
A measure of damping relative to critical damping.
The frequency of the oscillations produced by the system.
a) A measure of damping relative to critical damping.
Which of the following best describes resonance in a vibrating system?
The state of having a constant amplitude during oscillation.
The maximum energy level achieved during vibration.
The damping effect that reduces oscillation intensity.
A phenomenon where external forces match the natural frequency of the system.
d) A phenomenon where external forces match the natural frequency of the system.
Equivalent equations in the context of vibration systems refer to what?
Algebraic equations that have identical solutions.
Equations that can be simplified without changing their meaning.
Complex equations that require numerical methods to solve.
Equations that describe different physical phenomena.
c) Equations that describe different physical phenomena
For a mass-spring system, how is the natural frequency determined?
f = (1/2π) √(m/k)
f = 1/(2π) √(k/m) where k is the spring constant and m is the mass.
f = √(k/m)
f = (2π) √(k/m)
f = 1/(2π) √(k/m) where k is the spring constant and m is the mass.
In the context of torsional pendulums, what does the moment of inertia represent?
It quantifies the resistance to angular acceleration about an axis.
It measures the linear displacement during oscillation.
It represents the total mass of the system.
It indicates the frequency at which the system vibrates.
a) It quantifies the resistance to angular acceleration about an axis.
What does equivalent damping involve in a vibrating system?
Eliminating all forms of energy loss in the system.
Increasing the frequency of the vibrations.
Simplifying complex damping mechanisms with a viscous damping model.
Reinforcing the system against additional loads.
c) Simplifying complex damping mechanisms with a viscous damping model.
For an overdamped system, how does the system’s response differ from an underdamped one?
The overdamped system oscillates indefinitely.
Both systems oscillate but at different frequencies.
The underdamped system returns faster to equilibrium.
The overdamped system returns to equilibrium without oscillating, while the underdamped system oscillates before settling.
d) The overdamped system returns to equilibrium without oscillating, while the underdamped system oscillates before settling.
What role does effective stiffness play in a vibrating system?
It defines the maximum load the system can bear before failure.
It is the combined stiffness of the system components that impacts vibration behavior.
It describes the resistance to change in motion of the system’s mass.
It is unrelated to the system’s oscillatory response.
a) It influences the beam’s resistance to bending, thus affecting its natural frequency.
What role does effective stiffness play in a vibrating system?
It defines the maximum load the system can bear before failure.
It is the combined stiffness of the system components that impacts vibration behavior.
It describes the resistance to change in motion of the system’s mass.
It is unrelated to the system’s oscillatory response.
b) It is the combined stiffness of the system components that impacts vibration behavior.
What is the formula for calculating the natural frequency of a simple pendulum?
f = 1/(2π) √(g/L) where g is acceleration due to gravity and L is the length of the pendulum.
f = 1/(2π) √(k/m)
f = 1/(2π) √(L/g)
f = 1/(2π) √(m/g)
a) f = 1/(2π) √(g/L) where g is acceleration due to gravity and L is the length of the pendulum.
In coupled oscillators, how does the interaction between the two systems affect the natural frequency?
They retain their original frequencies regardless of coupling.
Only one oscillator’s frequency dominates.
It leads to the formation of new natural frequencies depending on the coupling strength.
The natural frequency increases for both oscillators.
c) It leads to the formation of new natural frequencies depending on the coupling strength.
