III. People

Question 1

Blaise Pascal

Answer 1

• 1623-1662
• French
• realted multiple disciplines to Bible
• Provincial Letters against the Jesuits with satire
• His Wager in Pensees

Part of the defense of the relationship between science and in the end of the 19 Century when sicence and christianity were put into opposition. Wager shows how logic and probability not at work–motivation of sin

Question 2

Martin Luther

Answer 2

• 1483-1546
• German leader of the Protestant Reformation
• 95 Theses
• Bondage of the Will (against Free will of Erasmus and predestination of Erasmus)

Question 3

John Calvin

Answer 3

• 1509-1564
• French Reformer
• Institutes of Christian Religion - systematic theology and theological compendium that became basis for Reformed Protestantism.

Question 4

Origen

Answer 4

• 185-254
• Alexandria
• Apostolic Father
• On the First Principles (first systematic Christian theology), Against Celsus (apologetic showing compatibility with Platonism)

asceticism inspired monasticism, randsom theory of atonement,

Contra celsus is one of the greatest apologetics of antiquity–elevating the academic standard of Chrstianity

Question 5

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 5

• 1599-1658
• English Parliamentarian and Lord and Protector of Commonwealth of Eng, Scotm and Ireland during Republic Commonwealth, leader of English civil war
• He set up a military dictatorship through the Rump Parliament. Supported Congregationalism When Charles II was restored, the king set up Episcopalianism.

Question 6

Thomas Bradwardine

Answer 6

• 1290-1349
• English, Archbishop of Cantebruy and Profound Doctor
• The Cause of God against the Pelagians, encouaged the sovereignty of God along Augustine and Paul, and picked up by reformers

Question 7

William Ames

Answer 7

• 1576-1633
• English
• Medulla Theological–New England textbook of theology, calvinist Arminian controversy

Question 8

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 8

• 1484-1531
• Swiss Reformer
• against Lutheran view of Eucharist

Question 9

Philip Melanchthon

Answer 9

• 1497-1560
• German Lutheran reformer
• Lutheran Systematic theologian of Prot Reform
• Loci Communes

Question 10

William Tyndale

Answer 10

• 1492-1536
• English
• martyred translator of Greek NT into English

Question 11

Abraham Kuyper

Answer 11

• 1837-1920
• Dutch Prime Minister
• Founder of the Free University of Amsterdam
• Neo-Calvinist and transformation of culture

One of the first theologians to think about how the church should respond to modern life. Spheres of independence–power districbuted even to different spheres, not just invested in the state.

Christian express theoir uniqueness in every sphere.

Question 12

Loyola Ignatius

Answer 12

• 1491-1556
• Spanish
• Founder of Jesuit religious order

Jesuits were a responsive and active body, particulalry in missions, education. Largest catholic religious order. Helped do mission during the counter reformation and win back protestant converts

Question 13

Robert Bellarmine

Answer 13

• 1542-1621
• Italian
• leader of Counter Reformation
• Marian theologian, anti-protestant controversialist

One of the first and most capable apogist for the rc church against refomders

Question 14

Jan Huss

Answer 14

• 1373-1415
• Czech preacher, reformer, martyr,
• Hussitism and Bohemian Reformation,
• predecessor to Protestantism

Attacked indulgences and the corruption of the pope in favor ot Scriptural authroity. Depended upon Wycliffe’s teachigns and scrioture

Question 15

Moses Amyrald

Answer 15

• 1596-1664
• French
• inventor of Amryaldism or 4 point Calvinism, whereby God decreed Atonement universally and then elected who saved

Attempt for french to be flexible in the time of reformation’s decline

Question 16

Columba

Answer 16

• 521-597
• Irish evangelist to Scotland

Scoland would be the nation of presbyetrianism

Question 17

Roger Williams

Answer 17

• 1603-1683
• English
• founded RI
• The Bloudy Tenant of Persecution for cause of Conscience argued separation of church and state based upon liberty of conscience

Precursor to separation of church and state

Question 18

Polycarp

Answer 18

• 69-157
• Symrna
• Disciple of John and Apostolic Father Letter to Philippians and Martyrdon of Polycarp,
• Against Marcion

Started the tradition of suffering for the faith and martyrdom that would characterize the early church

Question 19

Karl Rahner

Answer 19

• 1904-1984
• German
• Jesuit Roman Catholic
• Transcendental Christology that opens up salvation to all people and allows them to access grace through any religion–> moves towards universalism

Catholic Barth?

Question 20

Matthew Tindal

Answer 20

• 1657-1733
• Englist Deist during Enlightenment wtoe Christianity as Old as Creation
• • Deism as a new competition against orthodoxy
• Concepts spread to unitarianism
• Reject revelation for reason and observation

Question 21

Cornelius Van Til

Answer 21

• 1895-1987
• Dutch American creator of presuppositional apologetics and opponent of Barth

Question 22

John Wesley

Answer 22

• 1703-1791
• English revival leader who started Methodism and Wesleyan Arminianism (possibility of Apostasy–but not final, Chrisitan perfection)

Created meothodism which became the largest denomination and source of arminian theology in america throughout western expansion

Question 23

Rudolf Bultmann

Answer 23

• 1884-1976
• German Lutheran Form critic
• Demythologization to find the kerygma–the preaching of Jesus not historicity

Not liberal but existential, dialectical

Question 24

William Carey

Answer 24

• 1761-1834
• British
• baptist preacher and founder of modern missions and Baptist Missionary Society
• essay An Inquiry into the Obligations of Christians to uses means of conversion of the Heathen

Embraced, culture, literature, and laguage of the people. In india fought Sati

Question 25

Lewis Sperry Chafer

Answer 25

* 1871-1952 * First president of Dallas Theological and founder of modern dispensationalism * wrote systematic theology

Question 26

Charles Haddon Spurgeon

Answer 26

* 1834-1892 * English * Prince of Preachers at Metropolitan Tabernacle * Downgrade Controversy (fall of Baptist Union into evolution and higher criticism)

Question 27

Menno Simons

Answer 27

* 1496-1561 * Netherlands/Dutch * influential anabaptist * led to the Mennonites (Radical Reformation communitarian sect)

Question 28

William Ellery Channing

Answer 28

* 1780-1842 * USA developed philo and theo of Unitarianism. Non-socianian arianism--never fully defeated ariansim

Question 29

Albert Schweitzer

Answer 29

* 1875-1965 * Quest for the Historical Jesus * French then German * While critical of the overall movement he depicts Jesus as a megalomanic who mistakenly thought himself Lord and was crushed by the wheels of the world

Question 30

George Whitfield

Answer 30

* 1714-1770 * English Anglican * founder of methodism and leader in Great Awakening

Question 31

Charles Fuller

Answer 31

* 1887-1968 * American Baptist Radio Evangelist * Old fashioned Revival Hour * founder of Fuller Theo Seminary * language of “personal Saviour”

Question 32

Cotton Mather

Answer 32

* 1663-1728 * Magalia Christi Americana--Puritan telling of New England Settlement, also Salem Witch Trials

Question 33

C. S. Lewis

Answer 33

* 1898-1963 * British Academic and lay theologian * Mere Christinaity--apology to the skeptic

Question 34

Francis Turretin

Answer 34

* 1623-1687, * Genevan Italian, * Reformed Scholastic of orthodox Calvinists, * Elenctic Theology, * textbook of Reformed Theology in Princeton.

Question 35

Augustine of Hippo

Answer 35

* 354-430 * Roman African * Confessions (Total depravity) and The City of God, against Pelgianism (that moral ability is unhindered)

Question 36

Athanasius

Answer 36

* 373 * Egyptian * Chief defender of Trinity against Arianism in Nicea(jesus is son of God begotten in time) Homoorsian not homoiousion

Question 37

John Chrysostom

Answer 37

* 407 * Antioch * ascetisic and hermit * Homilies - more literal than Alexandrian

Question 38

Pelagius

Answer 38

* 360-418 * British * denied original sin and believed still capable of good works (freedom of the will)

Question 39

Count Zinzendorf

Answer 39

* 1700-1760 * German * founder of the Moravian church (from Hussite/Bohemian Revolution) and leader of first large scale Protestant missionary movement