III. Autonomic Nervous System (receptors and actions)

Question 1

alpha-1 adrenoreceptor: mechanism of action

Answer 1

Increase IP3, increase intracellular Ca2+

Question 2

alpha-2 adrenoreceptor: mechanism of action

Answer 2

Inhibition of adenylyl cylase, decreased cAMP

Question 3

beta-1 adrenoreceptor: mechanism of action

Answer 3

Stimulation of adenylyl cylcase, increased cAMP

Question 4

beta-2 adrenoreceptor: mechanism of action

Answer 4

Stimulation of adenylyl cylcase, increased cAMP

Question 5

nicotinic cholinoreceptor: mechanism of action

Answer 5

Opening of Na+ and K+ channels; depolarization

Question 6

muscarinic cholinoreceptor (M1, M3, M5) : mechanism of action

Answer 6

increase IP3 and intracellular Ca2+

Question 7

muscarinic cholinoreceptor (M2, M4) : mechanism of action

Answer 7

decrease adenylyl cyclase

Question 8

Miosis (pupillary constriction)

Answer 8

Parasympathetic (M); via circular muscle of the iris

Question 9

Mydriasis (pupillary dilatation)

Answer 9

Sympathetic (alpha-1); via radial muscle of the iris

Question 10

Accomodation (near vision)

Answer 10

Parasympathetic (M); via ciliary muscle of the iris

Question 11

Ciliary muscle dilatation (far vision)

Answer 11

Sympathetic (beta)

Question 12

Increased cardiac muscle contractility; SA node (heart rate) and AV node (conduction) activityl;

Answer 12

Sympathetic (beta-1)

Question 13

Constriction of splanchnic vascular smooth muscle in skin

Answer 13

Sympathetic (alpha-1)

Question 14

Constriction of vascular smooth muscle in skeletal muscles

Answer 14

Sympathetic (beta-2)

Question 15

Bronchodilation

Answer 15

Sympathetic (beta-2)

Question 16

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 16

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 17

Relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract

Answer 17

Sympathetic (alpha-2, beta-2)

Question 18

Relaxation of smooth muscle in sphincters GI tract

Answer 18

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 19

Contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract

Answer 19

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 20

Contraction of smooth muscle in the sphincters of the GI tract

Answer 20

Sympathetic (alpha-1)

Question 21

Increased mucoid saliva secretion

Answer 21

Sympathetic (beta-1)

Question 22

Increased serous saliva secretion

Answer 22

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 23

Increased gastric acid and pancreatic secretion

Answer 23

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 24

Bladder wall and detrusor muscle relaxation

Answer 24

Sympathetic (beta-2)

Question 25

Bladder wall and detrusor muscle contraction

Answer 25

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 26

Internal urethral sphincter tonic contraction

Answer 26

Sympathetic (alpha-1)

Question 27

Internal urethral sphincter relaxation

Answer 27

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 28

Ejaculation

Answer 28

Sympathetic (alpha)

Question 29

Penile erection

Answer 29

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 30

Increased sweating for thermoregulation

Answer 30

Sympathetic (M)

Question 31

Increased sweating due to stress

Answer 31

Sympathetic (alpha)

Question 32

Increased lacrimal gland secretion

Answer 32

Parasympathetic (M)

Question 33

Increased lipolysis in adipose tissue

Answer 33

Sympathetic (beta-3)

Question 34

Increased renin secretion

Answer 34

Sympathetic (beta-1)

Question 35

Decreased SA node (heart rate) and AV node (conduction) activity; decreased contractility in atria only

Answer 35

Parasympathetic (M)