I. Cell Physiology Flashcards
Compartment of the cell which contains DNA, Histones, Chromosomes, and the Nucleolus
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelle; site for electron transport chain and citric acid cycle
Mitochondria
Involved in detoxification, lipid synthesis and conversion of lipid-soluble substances into water-soluble substances
Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes proteins bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, or for secretion outside of the cell
RER Ribosome
Synthesizes mitochondrial proteins and proteins which remain within the cytoplasm
Free-floating Ribosome
Responsible for packaging and molecular tagging of proteins; synthesis of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate
Golgi apparatus
Contains proenzymes and neurotransmitters; replenishes cell membrane proteins
Secretory Vesicles
Involved in autolysis and tissue regression; destroys foreign bodies
Lysosome
Degrades membrane-associated proteins; not membrane-bound
Proteosomes
Contains oxidases and catalases which function in detoxification and removal of reactive oxygen species; supplements lipid synthesis done by Smooth ER
Peroxisomes
Biochemical pathways occurring in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm
Heme synthesis, Urea synthesis and Gluconeogenesis
Biochemical pathways occurring exclusively in the mitochondria
Beta-oxidation and Krebs Cycle
Site of transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA
Nucleolus
Skeletal Muscle: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Neuron: _____
Nissl substance. Both are specialized forms of SER
Structural protein which undergoes its final modification in the RER rather than the Golgi apparatus
Collagen
The wear-and-tear pigment which accumulates in lysosomes; marker of cellular aging
Lipofuscin
Added by the Golgi apparatus to lysosome-bound proteins
Mannose-6-phosphate
Cell filament in microvilli, zonula adherens, zonula occludens, muscles; involved in locomotion of macrophages
Actin (microfilaments)
Cell filament found in keratin, neurofilaments, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
Intermediate filaments
Produced from tubulin dimers; found in flagella, cilia, centrioles, intracellular vesicles and the mitotic spindle
Microtubules
Transport of cellular substances from center to periphery
Kinesin
Transport of cellular substances from periphery to center
Dynein
Junctional complex: disk-shaped, for firm intracellular adhesions; seen in epithelium
Macula adherens (desmosomes)
Junctional complex: ring-shaped; increases surface area for contact; seen in intercalated discs in cardiac muscle
Zonula adherens
Junctional complex: reticular pattern; divides the cell into apical and baso-lateral side; leaky-type (PCT, Jejunum) vs tight-type (collectung duct, terminal colon, blood-brain barrier)
Zonula occludens (tight junction)
Junctional complex: for intercellular communication; seen in cardiac and urinary tract smooth muscle
Gap junctions