II. Sociological and Anthropological Perspective of Self Flashcards
the science of society, social institutions,
and social relationships, specifically: the
systematic study of the development,
structure, interaction, and collective
behavior of organized groups of human
beings.
asserts that humans cannot be
understood apart from it social context
inherently connected and dependent on
each other
S O C I O L O G Y
** _** - in which society
creates opportunities for him/her to think and
act as well as limiting his/her thoughts and
actions.
* a framework for viewing the social world
that exceeds those limitations
sociological imagination
major characteristics of modernity
- Industrialism
- Capitalism
- institution of surveillance
- Dynamism
the social relations
implied in the extensive use of material
power and machinery all in process of
production
Industrialism
a production system
involving both competitive product
markets and the commodification
(putting a price tag) of labor power
Capitalism
the
massive increase of power and reach
by institutions, especially in government.
institution of surveillance
the most evident
characteristic of a modern society.
Dynamism is characterized as having
vigorous activity and progress. In a
modern society, life is not a
predetermined path with limited
options based on location, family
or gender, it is a society full of
possibilities.
Dynamism
refers to the ties or connections that link you to your social group
SOCIAL NETWORKS
having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics, and whose members identify themselvesas part of the group
SOCIAL GROUPS
SOCIAL GROUPS
naturally occurring and it is influenced by your family
- organic motivation- you join these groups because your family is also a part of it
- rootedness -positive effect of organic groups - giving the person a sense of belongingness the downside, however, is that organic groups imply less freedom and greater social conformity*
ORGANIC GROUPS
occur in modern society
made up of different people coming from different places
rational motivation - join these groups out of their own free will
imply greater freedom, especially the freedom of movement
The relationship between rational
Social networks is tenuous, and the person feels no meaningful connection with the
others
RATIONAL GROUPS
pioneered one of the most
prominent Sociological perspectives
of the self
CHARLES
COOLEY
- An individual in a social situation imagines how they appear to others.
- That individual imagines others’ judgment of that appearance
- The individual develops feelings (of pride or shame) and responds to those perceived judgments.
LOOKING GLASS SELF
known for the “theory of the Social Self”
the self is a product of social interactions and
internalizing the external (i.e., other people’s)
views along with one’s personal view about
oneself.
Self is not formed at birth but rather
developed through experiences
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
STAGES OF SELF DEVELOPMENT
PREPARATORY
PLAY
GAME
GENERALIZED OTHER
Children in this stage are only
capable of imitating
actions of others (i.e. people they
particularly in contact with such as
their family members). They have no
ability to imagine yet how others see
things
prepatory
enables the person to internalize
some other people’s perspectives;
hence, he/she develops an
understanding of how the other
people feel about themselves (and
about others, too) in a variety of
situations
play
develops the ability to take into
account societal rules and adheres to
it. The self is developed by
understanding the rule,
and one must abide by it to win the
game or be successful at an activity
game
children develop, understand and learn the idea of the common behavioral
expectations of the general society. They are able to imagine how they are viewed by
one or many. Mead pointed out that “self” in this stage is being developed.
GENERALIZED OTHER
2 sides of self
ME
I
the product of what the person
has learned while interacting
with others and with the
environment
The “me” exercise social control
over the self.
It sees to it that rules are not
broken
ME
that part of the self that is
unsocialized and spontaneous
presents impulses and drives
It enables him/her to express
individualism and creativity.
I
The study of human societies and cultures and their
development, it is concerned with how cultural and biological
processes interact to shape human experience
ANTHROPOLOGY
is the set of unwritten norms of conduct
that guide the behavior of a group
CULTURE
Three-Phased Rites
of Passage
Separation Phase
Liminality Phase
Incorporation Phase
ASPECTS OF
HUMAN CULTURE
- Material culture
- NON- Material culture
refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people
use to define their culture. These include homes, neighborhoods, cities,
schools, churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, offices, factories and
plants, tools, means of production, goods and products, stores, and so forth.
MATERIAL CULTURE
refers to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their
culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations,
andinstitutions.For instance, the non‐material cultural concept of religion consists of
a set of ideas and beliefs about God, worship, morals, and ethics
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
A human being has an individualistic nature and is an independent part of the universe and the society.
Individualism
A human being is an integral part of the universe and the society.
People are fundamentally connected.
Duty towards all others is a very important matter.
Collectivism
People construct their social identities from the siimilarities and differences in characteristics among individuals.
Social ___ may be attained by kinship, family membership, gender, age, language, religion, ehtnicity,
personal appearance and socioeconomic status.
Self-Identification
a term coined to characterize interaction in which there is a discrepancy between the identity a person claims to possess and the identity attributed to that person by other.
Identity Struggles
RAYMOND FOGELSON
ANTHONY WALLACE
___refers to all understanding and knowledge of oneself. The most influence in terms of ___ is family’s history, basically referring to the culture one has been brought up in, and the experiences he or she has undergone.
Self-concept
