I. Philosophical Perspective of Self Flashcards
Philos means?
Love
Sophia means?
Wisdom
It is the study of acquiring
knowledge through rational
thinking and inquiries that
involves in answering
questions regarding the
nature and existence of man
and the world we live in.
Philosophy
It is defined as “a unified
being, essentially connected
to consciousness,
awareness and agency (or, at
least, with the faculty of
rational choice).
Self
Father of Western Philosophy
Socrates
- understand the self is to “know thyself”
- believed that the real self is not the physical body, but rather the psyche, or the soul.
- possession of knowledge is a virtue; ignorance is a depravity
- Socratic Method or Socratic conversation
- Men’s goal in life is to obtain happiness
Socrates
Father of Western Philosophy
student of Socrates?
PLATO
Believed in the division of a person’s body and soul which forms a person aside from the material things that can be observed and associated with the person.
PLATO
PLATO
Soul is divided into 3 different parts
Appetitive Soul
Spirited Soul
Rational Soul
* Appetitive Soul - the part of the person that is driven by desire and
philosopher of the church
St. Augustine
- Follows the views of Plato but integrates Christianity
- His idea of a man and how to understand who we are as a person is related to our understanding of who we are and how we question ourselves.
- He also relates our existence to God being modeled in his likeness though being alive means that we are still far from god and has yet to be truly with him.
- body - dies on Earth; soul - lives eternally in spiritual bliss with “God”
St. Augustine
Father of Modern Philosophy
René Descartes
- Believed in modern Dualism or the existence of body and mind
- Methodical Doubt - continuous process of questioning - perceiving and accepting the facts that doubting and asking questions are part of one’s
existence - It’s the mind that makes the man.
René Descartes
René Descartes
- thinks and questions or doubts what the body has experienced; BODY - perceives from different senses = ??
- cogito (the thinking thing) + extenza (the unthinking thing) = ??
MIND
SELF
Father of Classical Liberation
John Locke
- Personal identitiy is found in Consciousness
- Experiences writes knowledge and understanding as the individual matures and are important in the establishment of who that person can become.
- SELF is the product of what we acquire through our experience of the world
- _______ - blank state / clean state
John Locke
TABULA RASA
German Philosopher
Immanuel Kant
- Known for his works on empiricism and rationalism
- He emphasizes that a person who fully understand the self has a certain level of consciousness or sense that uses our intuition which synthesizes all the experiences, impressions and perceptions of ourselves will pave the way to define and know who we are really are.
- _ apperception - is an essence of our consciousness that provides basis for understanding and establishing the notion of self by synthesizing one’s accumulation of experiences, intuition, and imagination.
Immanuel Kant
Transcendental apperception
Father of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
- Used the analogy of iceberg to describe the three levels of the mind
- Believed that we are a by-product of our experiences in he past and actions are driven by the idea of resisting or avoiding pain and are molded from our need for pleasure
- He believed that man has different constructs of personality.
Sigmund Freud
3 aspects of personality
ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
- Operates the Reality Principle
- Regulates the Id and which of its urges are allowed to be expressed
- Able to decide what is right or wrong based on context
- Rational and realistic
- Mediator between the Id and
superego
EGO
- First part of the self to develop
- Operates the Pleasure Principle - the idea that all your needs should be met immediately
- Instant gratification regardless of moral and societal norms
- Unconcscious collection of urges fighting to be fulfilled
ID
- Functions the Ideal Principle
- Ethical and provides the moral standards by which the Ego operates
- The conscience of one’s personality
- Inclined to uphold justice and do what is morally right and which actions are socially acceptable
SUPEREGO
where minority of our
memories are being stored and the memories
that are in the conscious is easier to be to be
tapped or accessed
CONSCIOUS
the middle part of the
entirety of our consciousness; the memories
stored in this area can still be accessed but with a
little difficulty
SUBCONSCIOUS
-this area is where majority of
our memories since childhood are deeply stored. It is
very difficult to tap the memories. It would need a
trained professional and several special techniques
in order to make some memories resurface
UNCONSCIOUS
3 Levels of Consciousness
CONSCIOUS, SUBCONSCIOUS, UNCONSCIOUS
Used behavioristic approach to self
The behavior that we show, emotions, and actions are the
reflection of our mind and as such is the manifestation of
who we are.
Does not believe that the mind and body are two separate
entities which is said to be evident in the unexplainable
phenomenon or abilities of the mind where the soul is
considered; however, to some they can co-exist.
the self is exemplified in his “ghost in the machine” view
Gilbert Ryle
Canadian Philosopher
Paul Churchland
His focus is on the idea that people should improve our
association and use of worth in identifying the self.
The self is defined by the movement of our brain. A
constant movement of the brain can be the basis of who
the person is (emphasized by Churchland and his wife in
the statement “the brain as the self”).
He focuses on the philosophy of “eliminative
materialism” and understanding the different neural
pathways, how they work, and what implications are
those movement to people is a measurable classification
on one’s behavior.
Paul Churchland
French Philosopher
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES
MERLEAU-PONT
Known for his works on existentialism and
phenomenology
Coined the idea of phenomenology of perception (unity
of the function of the mind and the body) which is divided
into three division.
Regarded that the body and mind are not separate
entities but rather those two components is one and the
same
The body perceives while our consciousness provides the
meaning or interprets the various perception we have in
the world and the self could be established by the
perceptions we have in the world.
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES
MERLEAU-PONTY
the part of the
person that is driven by desire and
need to satisfy oneself (physical needs,
pleasure)
Appetitive Soul
courageous part of the
person. Very competitive and active.
Spirited Soul
the drive of our lives.
This is responsible for thinking and
planning.
rational soul
