II pt 4

Question 1

Watergate Scandal

Answer 1

despite near-guaranteed second term, campaign workers burglarized Democratic offices, cover-up unsuccessful, resigned to avoid impeachment
Nixon pardoned by Ford to get country focused on more important matters

Question 2

Energy Crisis, OPEC

Answer 2

increased already high rate of inflation by quadrupling the price of crude oil

Question 3

Stagflation

Answer 3

Ford’s and Carter’s presidencies experienced a recession and inflation simultaneously, solved by Keynesian economics

Question 4

President Jimmy Carter

Answer 4

Panama Canal Treaty, diplomacy with China, end of recognition of Taiwan; little accomplished domestically due to conservative opposition, foreign policy more successful; Washington outsider, Experienced high interest rates, inflation, increased government spending, rising unemployment, decreased union membership

Question 5

Humanitarian diplomacy

Answer 5

fought for human rights in Africa, Panama Canal returned to Panama, relations with China resolved

Question 6

Camp David Accords

Answer 6

A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel

Question 7

Iran Hostage Crisis

Answer 7

the Shah of Iran (a US ally) came to US after a revolution in Iran and armed students took 52 American hostages. (contributed to the defeat of Carter in 1980 election)

Question 8

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 8

despite CIA-sponsored Soviet resistance, Afghanistan taken by Soviet Union; ended detente between USSR and US

Question 9

Deregulation

Answer 9

drastic cutbacks in regulation of business by the federal government (banks, transportation, communications

Question 10

Election of 1980

Answer 10

decisive victory to Reagan due to his appeal over Carter (now unpopular due to lack of success in the presidency

Question 11

President Ronald Reagan

Answer 11

offered a New Deal (reminiscent of FDR) of smaller government, reduced taxes, and free enterprise; Washington outsider

Question 12

Conservatism

Answer 12

a belief that limited government ensures order, competitive governments, and personal opportunity

Question 13

Religious Right

Answer 13

political action for religion justified by decreased presence of religion in society; Pat Robertson’s Christian Coalition to expand national influence

Question 14

Reaganomics

Answer 14

economic policy of president Ronald Reagon; known as “trickle down” economics or supply-side economics; based on major tax cuts for the rich from which money would “trickle down” to the poor and stimulate the economy/the job market; initially led to recession but later was beneficial; widened gap between rich and poor

Question 15

Supply side economics,tax cuts

Answer 15

tax cuts to increase population spending (help economy), drastic cutting back on government programs due to lack of funds

Question 16

Nicaraguan Contras

Answer 16

guerilla army sponsored by CIA to attack procommunist revolutionaries in Nicaragua; fear of another Vietnam

Question 17

Evil Empire speech, “Star Wars”

Answer 17

Reagan called the Soviet Union an evil empire; Korean passenger plane shot down near Moscow (increased anti-Soviet rhetoric); Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) used space-based lasers as defense from nuclear attack

Question 18

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 18

Soviet leader undergoing tensions on superpower and domestic level

Question 19

Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty

Answer 19

(1987) Arms limitation agreement settled by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev after several attempts. The treaty banned all intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe and marked a significant thaw in the Cold War.

Question 20

Fall of communism in Eastern Europe

Answer 20

(1989) - Gorbachevannounced Soviet withdrawal of power from all of Eastern Europe, including Berlin (wall torn down, free movement, etc.)

Question 21

Graying of America

Answer 21

economic recession (collapse of savings-and-loan industry, increasing deficit due to Reagan tax cuts, retail decreased, higher crime rate)

Question 22

Economic transition

Answer 22

to service economy in late 20 century (end of industrialism) - higher focus on services (esp. education) rather than material products

Question 23

President H.W. Bush

Answer 23

carried on Reaganomics, Gulf War, Savings and Loan Scandal

Question 24

Gulf War, “Operation: Desert Storm”

Answer 24

Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait in August, 1990.
Kuwait received independence in 1961.
Kuwait had the 4th largest oil reserves of any country.

Question 25

1992 Election

Answer 25

Bush vs. Clinton vs. Perot; focus on stagnancy of economy and problems of middle class (Clinton)

Question 26

President Bill Clinton

Answer 26

scholarly, welfare-reform, “Contract with America,” impeachment over Monica Lewinski Scandal, War in Kosovo

Question 27

Gays in the military

Answer 27

ended exclusion of homosexuals from military; due to controversy, compromise of “don’t ask, don’t tell” instituted

Question 28

North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA

Answer 28

Agreement that created an essentially free trade zone among Mexico, Canada, and the United States, in hopes of encouraging economic growth in all three nations; after difficult negotiations, went into effect January 1, 1994.

Question 29

Contract with America

Answer 29

An economic plan supported and initialized by Newt Gingrich that, supposedly, promised downsizing of the government, a tax cut, lesser regulations, and a balanced budget. These promises sounded promising to Republican and Democratic voters, leading them to oust the Democratic-controlled Congress in favor of conservatism. (For now.)

Question 30

Clinton impeachment

Answer 30

Result of a political sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky.

Question 31

Bush v. Gore

Answer 31

In the 2001 election, Gore earned more popular votes, but Bush won the vote of Florida by only 537 votes. The Democrats asked for a recount in the votes because some of the ballots had been undercounted, but the Supreme Court refused. Made Bush president.

Question 32

9/11 Terrorist Attacks on NYC & DC

Answer 32

planes hijacked by terrorists for destruction; blame pinned on Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden, sought out in attempt to completely destroy terrorism

Question 33

Invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 33

Taliban sheltered Bin Laden and al Qaeda and refused to give him up, so US and NATO invade

Question 34

Invasion of Iraq, removal of Saddam Hussein, 2003

Answer 34

Iran, Iraq, and North Korea designated as the “axis of evil,” institution of democratic government in Iraq to replace Hussein’s dictatorship (return to spread and protection of democracy throughout the world, moving beyond containment of communism)