II Flashcards

Question

Social Gospel movement

Answer 1

stressed role of church and religion to improve city life, led by preachers Walter Raushenbusch and Washington Gladen; influenced settlement house movement and Salvation Army

Answer 2

provided housing and recreation to city youth, imposing Protestant morals, unable to reach out to all youth

Answer 3

helped lead settlement house movement, co-founded NAACP, condemned war and poverty

Answer 4

Jane Addams's pioneer settlement house (center for women's activism and social reform) in Chicago

Answer 5

established by "General" William Booth, uniformed volunteers provided food, shelter, and employment to families, attracted poor with lively preaching and marching bands in order to instill middle-class virtues

Answer 6

sewer systems and purification in water

Answer 7

old immigrants from northern and western Europe came seeking better life; new immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe searching for opportunity to escape worse living conditions back home and often did not stay in the US

Answer 8

Victorian standards confined women to the home to create an artistic environment as a statement of cultural aspirations

Answer 9

leader of Tammany Hall, gained large sums of money through the political machine, prosecuted by Samuel Tilden and sent to jail

Answer 10

New York democratic party/political machine; gained notoriety for corrupt practices; political machines came to power because of the rapid growth of cities-machines traded services to city-dwellers for votes at the polls

Answer 11

attacked industrial elite, called for business regulation, publisher refused works breaking with Victorian ideals

Answer 12

writing took a more realistic approach on the world, regionalist writers focused on local life (Sarah Orne Jewett), naturalist writers focused on economy and psychology (Stephen Crane)

Answer 13

government compromised to buy and coin $2-4 million/month; government stuck to minimum and inflation did not occur (lower prices); economy grew

Answer 14

government to buy silver to back money in addition to gold

Answer 15

Republican candidate for president in 1884, quintessence of spoils system; highly disgusted the mugwumps (many Republicans turned to Democrat Cleveland)

Answer 16

effectively ended spoils system and established civil service exams for all government positions, under Pres. Garfield

Answer 17

Southern and Midwestern farmers expressing discontent, supported free silver and subtreasury plan (cash advance on future crop — farmers had little cash flow during the year), criticized national banks

Answer 18

supported expanded money supply, health/safety regulations, benefits for workers and farmers, granger (farmer)-supported

Answer 19

emerged from Farmers' Alliance movement (when subtreasury plan was defeated in Congress), denounced Eastern Establishment that suppressed the working classes; Ignatius Donnelly (utopian author), Mary E Lease, Jerry Simpson. aka the Peoples party

Answer 20

Civil Rights Act of 1875 declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court, as the fourteenth amendment protected people from governmental infringement of rights and had no effect on acts of private citizens

Answer 21

Supreme Court legalized the "separate but equal" philosophy

Answer 22

private property subject to government regulation when property is devoted to public interest; against railroads

Answer 23

educational and residential segregation; inferior facilities allotted to African-Americans, predominantly in South

Answer 24

Coxey and unemployed followers marched on Washington for support in unemployment relief by inflationary public works program

Answer 25

8,000 businesses collapsed (including railroads); due to stock market crash, overbuilding of railroads, heavy farmer loans, economic disruption by labor efforts, agricultural depression; decrease of gold reserves led to Cleveland's repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Answer 26

repeat candidate for president, proponent of silver-backing (16:1 platform), cross of gold speech against gold standard; Democratic candidate (1896)

Answer 27

Populists campaigned for silver-backed money rather than gold-backed, believed to be able to relieve working conditions and exploitation of labor. Supported by William J. Bryan

Answer 28

workers unable to escape (locked into factory), all died; further encouraged reform movements for working conditions

Answer 29

head of federal Division of Forestry, contributed to Roosevelt's natural conservation efforts

Answer 30

increase working output by standardizing procedures and rewarding those who worked fast; efficiency

Answer 31

supported Socialists, militant unionists and socialists, advocated strikes and sabotaging politics, aimed for an umbrella union similar to Knights of Labor, ideas too radical for socialist cause. aka Wobblies

Answer 32

leader of the Western Federation of Miners (WFM), a founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and a member of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party of America.

Answer 33

satirized wealthy captains of industry, workers and engineers as better leaders of society

Answer 34

activist government to serve all citizens (cf. Alexander Hamilton); founded New Republic magazine

Answer 35

social ideals to be encouraged in public school (stress on social interaction), learning by doing

Answer 36

law meant to evolve as society evolves, opposed conservative majority

Answer 37

proponent of gradual gain of equal rights for African-Americans

Answer 38

a speech given by Booker T. Washington in 1895 at the Cotton States and international Exposition that proposed that blacks and whites should agree to benefit from each other. Challenged by DuBois

Answer 39

opposed BTW's accommodation policies, called for immediate equality, formed Niagara Movement to support his ideas

Answer 40

Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, it emerged out of the Niagara Movement in 1909. It worked for equal rights for all Americans, but it failed to achieve lasting civil rights legislation during the early 1990s.

Answer 41

journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics in order to bring about reform.

Answer 42

revealed unsanitary nature of meat-packing industry, inspired Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Answer 43

political muckraking cartoonist, refused bribes to stop criticism

Answer 44

progressive governor (1900-1904) and senator (1906-1925); he established the "Wisconsin idea" that reformed the state through direct primaries, tax reform, and anticorruption legislation. La Follette was the Progressive Party's presidential nominee in 1924.

Answer 45

made it illegal to transport women across state borders for "immoral purposes," violated by black boxer Jack Johnson (w/ white woman)

Answer 46

led by Francis Willard, powerful "interest group" following the civil war, urged women's suffrage, led to Prohibition

Answer 47

women must gain economic rights in order to impact society (cf. rising divorce rates)

Answer 48

Northern Securities Company (JP Morgan and James G. Hill - railroads) seen by Roosevelt as "bad" trust, Supreme Court upheld his first trust-bust

Answer 49

first "modern" president, moderate who supported progressivism (at times conservative), bypassed congressional opposition (cf. Jackson), significant role in world affairs. Big stick policy, square deal

Answer 50

Progressive concept by Roosevelt that would help capital, labor, and the public. It called for control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources. It denounced special treatment for the large capitalists and is the essential element to his trust-busting attitude. This deal embodied the belief that all corporations must serve the general public good.

Answer 51

Roosevelt and Pinchot sided on conservation rather than preservation (planned and regulated use of forest lands for public and commercial uses)

Answer 52

"trustbuster" (busted twice as many as Roosevelt), conservation and irrigation efforts, Postal Savings Bank System, Payne-Aldrich Tariff (reduction of tariff, caused Republican split)

Answer 53

party formed from Republican split by Roosevelt, more progressive values, leaving "Republican Old Guard" to control Republican party

Answer 54

federal government to increase power over economy and society by means of progressive reforms, developed by Roosevelt (after presidency)

Answer 55

ideas of Wilson: small enterprise, states' rights, more active government, trust busting, left social issues up to the states

Answer 56

Democratic candidate 1912, stood for antitrust, monetary change, and tariff reduction; far less active than Roosevelt, Clayton Anti-trust Act (to enforce Sherman), Child Labor Act

Answer 57

created Federal Reserve System, regional banks set up for twelve separate districts, final authority of each bank lay with the Federal Reserve Board, paper money to be issued "Federal Reserve Notes"

Answer 58

James G. Blaine sought to open up Latin American markets to the U.S.; rejected by Latin America due to fear of U.S. dominance and satisfaction with European market

Answer 59

One of the causes of the Spanish-American War (1898) - this was when newspaper publishers like Hearst and Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the Maine) to anger American public towards Spain. Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Answer 60

belligerent (hostile & aggressive) nationalism against other threatening nations

Answer 61

ex-Lincoln secretory; worked to gain Open Door Notes’ acceptance from the major powers

Answer 62

sought to eliminate spheres of influence and avoid European monopolies in China; unaccepted by the powers in mind

Answer 63

McKinley reluctant; armed intervention to free Cuba from Spain; Roosevelt's "Rough Riders" made attack on Spanish at Cuba

Answer 64

meant to provide evacuation opportunity for Americans in Cuba; internal accidental explosion blamed on Spanish mines, leading to Spanish-American War

Answer 65

U.S. would ensure that Cuba would be protected from European powers and maintain a place in Cuban affairs; provided coal and naval stations

Answer 66

granted to U.S. at the end of Spanish-American War; Philippines were captured after treaty, and thus not part of spoils, but kept as territory with an inevitable movement for independence; Philippines and Hawaii steps toward Asia

Answer 67

Admiral Dewey defeated Spanish initially; American troops (aided by Aguinaldo's insurgents) captured Manila, leading to annexation

Answer 68

secretly sponsored peace negotiations so as to prevent Japanese or Russian monopoly on Asia; concerned with safety of Philippines

Answer 69

military and naval preparedness

Answer 70

U.S. felt it was its duty to "watch out" for the interests of other countries in the Western hemisphere; provided justification for invasions of Latin America.

Answer 71

Crucial for American economic growth, the building of this canal was begun by American builders in 1904 and completed in 1914; the United States had to first engineer a Panamanian revolt against Colombia to guarentee a friendly government in Panama that wuld support the building of the canal. It was one of Roosevelt's most significant foreign policy accomplishments.

Answer 72

in response to Japanese discrimination in San Fran schools; Japanese to stop laborers into U.S., Californians forbidden to ban Japanese from public schools

Answer 73

Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Answer 74

intervention in Mexican Revolution (Madero overthrew dictator Diaz) to overthrow Madero out of fear of property confiscation, General Huerta (seen as "brute" by Wilson, sought new leader) replaced Madero

Answer 75

Huerta's enemy, reluctantly supported by U.S.; U.S. sought Villa's submission due to terrorism, eventually assassinated; Wilson's policy highly unpopular

Answer 76

a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.