II pt 2 Flashcards
Zimmerman Note
intercepted by Britain; Germany proposed alliance with Mexico, using bribe of return of TX, NM, and AZ; Japan included in alliance
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany announced that it would sink all (including American) ships, attempt to involve U.S. in war
Creel Committee
Committee on Public Information; aimed to sell America and the world on Wilson’s war goals; propaganda, censorship, “four-minute men” speeches, “Liberty Leagues” (spy on community)
War Industries Board
attempted to centralize production of war materials; ineffective due to American desire for laissez-faire government
Conscription policies
Selective Service Act to require men to register with few exceptions; women and blacks drafted/enlisted, highly successful
Herbert Hoover’s Food Administration
relied on voluntary compliance (no formal laws), propaganda; high prices set on commodities to encourage production, Prohibition
Wilson’s 14 points
public treaties, free trade, free seas, reduced armament burdens, anti-imperialism, independence to minorities, international organization
League of Nations
foreshadowed in 14 points, hoped to guarantee political independence and integrity of all countries
Great Migration
mass migration northward; mainly blacks migrating from the southern states into the north hoping for less discrimination
Lodge Reservations
14 formal amendments to the treaty for the League of Nations; preserved Monroe Doctrine, Congress desired to keep declaration of war to itself
Isolationism
avoided league of Nations, opposed Latin American involvement
Espionage Act & Sedition Act
fines and imprisonment for aiding the enemy or hindering U.S. military; forbade any form of criticism of the government and military
Schenk vs U.S.
upheld constitutionality of Espionage Act; Congress right to limit free speech during times of war
Red Scare (1919)
anti-communist crusades due to fear of radicalism spurred by Bolshevik rebellion
Palmer Raids
Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have connections to communism
“Red Summer”, race riots
Riots (most often Whites attacking Blacks, but some instances of the reverse) occurring in 1919. Black soldiers saw the greater social equality in Europe during WWI and came back seeking better treatment.
Nativism
severe immigration laws to discourage and discriminate against foreigners, believed to erode old-fashioned American values
Birth of a Nation
spawned resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan based on The Clansman
Ku Klux Klan
A secret organization that used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white supremacy in Southern states after the Civil War
National Origins At
Reduced the annual country quota from 3 to 2 percent and based it on census of 1890, excluded Japanese immigrants.
Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
prejudiced jury sentenced them to death, caused riots around the world, new trial denied
Scopes Trial
Darwinian (influenced by jazz age and new scientific ideas) against Fundamentalist (the Bible and Creationism); John Scopes convicted for teaching Darwinism (defended by Clarence Darrow); Scopes found guilty
Prohibition, rise of organized crime
supported by women and churches, instituted by Volstead Act, lacked enforcement; bootlegging and speakeasies, Al Capone and John Dillinger - gangsters and organized crime (casual breaking of the law)
Frederick W. Taylor, Scientific Management
efficient working methods to increase productivity; usually resulted in lower wages (hated by workers), power to managers