II - Neuro 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is the most common sign of cerebellar disease? Select one.
Ataxia (incoordinated gait)
Head tilt
Head tilt and deviation
Tight circling in an area free of obstacles
Ataxia (incoordinated gait)
This is an image of a 2 month old Holstein calf demonstrating dorsomedial strabismus while the head is held by the examiner in a normal position (it is bilateral, trust me). For illustrative purposes the image shows the green line as the plane we would expect the oval pupil to be in and the red line the plane it is in. What is the neuroanatomical location of a lesion causing this sign? Select one.
Cerebral swelling/edema putting pressure on cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)
Cerebral swelling/edema putting pressure on cranial nerve X (Vagus)
Cerebral swelling/edema putting pressure on cranial nerve IV (Trochlear)
Cerebral swelling/edema putting pressure on cranial nerve VI (Abducens)
Cerebral swelling/edema putting pressure on cranial nerve IV (Trochlear)
Otitis media/interna commonly presents initially in dairy calves with a unilateral dropped ear on the affected side. Damage to which cranial nerve results in this sign? Select one.
Trigeminal (CN V)
Facial (CN VII)
Auriculopalpebral (CN VIII)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Facial CN VII
Which of the following is the most rational antibiotic choice to treat an acute case of otitis media/interna in a 1 month old dairy calf? Select one.
Oxytetracycline 200mg/mL according to label
Ceftiofur HCl (Excenel) according to label
Procaine penicillin G at the label dose
Tulathromycin (Draxxin) according to label
Tulathromycin (Draxxin) according to label
Polioencephalomalacia is a lesion of diseases that cause cerebral edema and neuronal death and swelling (cerebral swelling). Which of the following are causes of this Pathophysiologic Insult? Select all that apply.
Salt toxicity/water deprivation
Excessively high total dietary sulfur
Lead toxicity
Thiamine deficiency
All of these
Which of the following are accurate statements regarding listeriosis of ruminant livestock. Select all that apply.
An altered mental status (obtundedness) can be a Clinical Sign of listeriosis most commonly due to lesions of the brainstem
As would be expected with an infection, pyrexia is a consistent thus distinguishing feature of listeriosis.
A pronounced monocytosis on complete blood count is a consistent finding in cases of listeriosis and critical to diagnosis
Exposure to listeria may be greater when poorly made silage is fed and the risk of infection is greater with the eruption of permanent teeth that disrupts the oral mucosa.
An altered mental status (obtundedness) can be a Clinical Sign of listeriosis most commonly due to lesions of the brainstem
Exposure to listeria may be greater when poorly made silage is fed and the risk of infection is greater with the eruption of permanent teeth that disrupts the oral mucosa.
Which of the following would be a key distinguishing feature in the case presentation of a 5 year old ewe with cortical (cerebral signs) that would help differentiate water
deprivation from other common cortical diseases? Select one.
Dorsomedial strabismus
Opisthotonus
“Head pressing”
Hematuria
Hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinuria
Thrombotic meningioenchphalitis (TME) is the neurologic manifestation of which of the following etiologic agents?
Mannheimia hemolytica
Histophilus somni
Mycoplasma spp.
Listeria monocytogenes
Histophilus somni
An 11 month old wether (castrated male) goat has presenting complaints of excessive salivation and trouble swallowing feed. Damage to which of the following cranial nerves could explain these presenting complaints?
VII (Facial)
IV (Trochlear)
X (Vagus)
IX (Glossopharyngeal)
X (Vagus)
IX (Glossopharyngeal)
When assessing cranial nerve function you will test the palpebral reflex. Fill in the blank with the two cranial nerves tested: ______ I feel it. _______ I blink.
V I feel it
VII I blink
Which of the following reflexes are tested to assess vision?
Corneal (V, VII)
Pupillary Light (CN II, III)
Palpebral (V, VII)
Menace (CN II, VII)
Pupillary light (CN II, III)
Tongue position and tone are evaluated to assess the function of this cranial nerve.
IX
X
VII
XII
XII
TRUE or FALSE:
Unconfined circling in the same direction is a key distinguishing feature of a central vestibular lesion caused by listeriosis of all ruminant animals.
FALSE
Which of the following are key distinguishing features consistent with a central vestibular lesion (eg. lesion involving the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem)?
Ataxia
Confined circling
Head deviation
Heat tilt
Ataxia
Head tilt
Head deviation
TRUE or FALSE:
Ataxia implies an uncoordinated gait which may be accompanied by muscle weakness or stiffness depending on the etiology.
FALSE
Ataxia presents as an uncoordinated gait. Cerebellar ataxia is commonly observed with what other presenting sign?
Hypermetria
Ataxia presents as an uncoordinated gait. Vestibular ataxia is commonly observed with what other presenting signs?
Head deviation and unconfined circling
Ataxia presents as an uncoordinated gait. Proprioceptive ataxia is commonly observed with what other presenting sign?
Abnormal limb placement
Which of the following Presenting Signs are most commonly observed with cortical lesions?
Abnormal behavior
Head deviation
Base-wide stance
Ataxia
Abnormal behavior
TRUE or FALSE:
Nystagmus is a consistent finding thus key distinguishing feature of a central vestibular lesion.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE:
Polioencephalomalacia is a disease of ruminant most commonly associated with a dietary deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).
FALSE
Which of the following are consistent gross necropsy findings readily observed with cortical disease resulting in polioencephalomalacia?
There are none
Coning of the cerebellar vermis
Widened, flattened gyri and edema in the sulci
Autofluorescence when viewed under black light
There are none
TRUE or FALSE:
Thiamine deficiency is a common cause of ration associated polioencephalomalacia cortical disease.
FALSE
Sulfur associated polioencephalomalacia is most commonly associated with high concentrations of sulfur in which of the following that pushes Total Dietary Sulfur concentration well above the max tolerable limit of 0.4% of total dietary intake?
Hay and or grain being fed
Water
Bracken fern present in pastures
Water
TRUE or FALSE:
Serum sodium is the diagnostic test of choice to differentiate water deprivation from lead or sulfur toxicity as the etiology of cortical disease causing polioencephalomalacia lesions.
FALSE
Which of the following are evidence-based effective treatments for cortical disease causing polioencephalomalacia lesions in ruminant livestock?
DMSO
Furosemide
Mannitol
Thiamine HCl (500mg/mL)
Vitamin B complex
Non-steroidal antiinflammatory
Thiamine HCl (500 mg/mL)
DMSO
