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AG ANIMAL MED > II - Mastitis > Flashcards

II - Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the Somatic Cell Count cut point used to define a subclinical intramammary infection of dairy cattle? All answers are in cells/mL of milk x 1,000.

  • 500
  • 150
  • 200
  • 400
A

200

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2
Q

Which of the following is responsible for the severe systemic disease signs that may result from an E. Coli intramammary infection?

  • K99 pillus
  • beta-hemolysin
  • Protein A
  • Lipopolysaccharide
A

Lipopolysaccharide

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3
Q

True or False:

Intramammary infections with environmental mastitis pathogens occur more frequently during the lactating period compared with the non-lactating (dry) period of dairy cattle.

A

False

4-5 times more intramammary infections with environmental pathogens occur during the dry period vs. during lactation. However, most of those infections manifest as clinical mastitis during early lactation.

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4
Q

Match the mastitis pathogen categorization based on reservoir (environmental or contagious) with each:

Mycoplasma bovis -
Staphylococcus aureus -
Streptococcus agalactiae -
E. Coli -
Streptococcus spp. (other than Strep agalactiae) -

A

Mycoplasma bovis - contagious
Staphylococcus aureus - contagious
Streptococcus agalactiae - contagious
E. Coli - environmental
Streptococcus spp. (other than Strep agalactiae) - environmental

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5
Q

Pre-milking teat disinfection is a step in the milking procedure that helps control which of the following mastitis pathogens?

  • E. Coli
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Mycoplasma bovis
  • Staphylococcus aureus
A

E. Coli

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6
Q

During milking or calf suckling there is decreased sympathetic tone to the teat end sphincter muscle. How long post milking does the teat canal remain open before sympathetic tone is restored resulting in sphincter muscle contraction and teat canal closure?

A

30 minutes

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7
Q

Which of the following virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus DO NOT contribute to the chronic nature of infection of this mastitis pathogen?

  • Intracellular survival within neutrophils
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • L-forms
  • Surface adhesions
  • Protein A
A

Lipopolysaccharide and surface adhesions

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8
Q

Match the exposure risk factor with the appropriate mastitis pathogen.

Carrier animals that shed bacteria in the milk -
Milking time hygiene -
Stall/bedding hygiene -
Cow hygiene -

A

Carrier animals that shed bacteria in the milk - Staph aureus
Milking time hygiene - Staph aureus
Stall/bedding hygiene - E. Coli
Cow hygiene - E. Coli

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9
Q

For which of the following mastitis pathogens is there an effective vaccine that could be implemented to improve resistance of the host and PREVENT intramammary infections?

  • Mycoplasma spp.
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • None of these
  • E. Coli
  • Environmental Streptococci (non Strep agalactiae)
A

None of these

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10
Q

I am an obligate intramammary bacteria that is highly contagious, spread at milking time. I don’t have any specific virulence factors and can easily be cured with intramammary antibiotic treatment.

  • Environmental Streptococci
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mycoplasma spp.
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • E. Coli
A

Strep agalactiae

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11
Q

Which of the following are “Key Management Practices” to control contagious mastitis pathogens?

  • Core antigen vaccine use
  • Feed cows after milking so they remain standing for at least 30 minutes post milking
  • Post milking teat disinfection (post-dipping)
  • Dry cow antibiotic therapy
  • Pre milking teat disinfection (pre-dipping)
  • Reduce the spread of milk from cow to cow during milking
A

Dry cow antibiotic therapy
Reduce spread of milk from cow to cow during milking
Post milking teat disinfection

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12
Q

Somatic Cells (cells of the body) are white blood cells in the milk that form the “second line of defense” against bacterial intramammary infections. Which cell type predominates in the UNINFECTED mammary gland?

  • Neutrophil
  • Macrophage
  • Lymphocyte
  • Erythrocyte
  • Eosinophil
A

Macrophage

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13
Q

The SCC (Somatic Cell Count) in the milk of a cow is 1,500 cells/mLx 1,000. Which of the following statements is true?

  • Neutrophils are the predominant cell type in the milk
  • Basophils are the predominant cell type in the milk
  • The cow most likely has an intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus
A

Neutrophils are the predominant cell type in the milk

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14
Q

While gangrenous mastitis has a sporadic, infrequent occurrence, it can cause severe disease causing loss of the infected gland due to ischemic necrosis. Which of the following is NOT a common, primary etiologic agent of gangrenous mastitis?

  • E. Coli
  • Bacillus spp.
  • Staphylococcus aureus
A

Bacillus spp

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15
Q

True or False:

E. Coli intramammary infections (IMI) most commonly cause severe clinical mastitis (i.e. serous secretion, firm swollen gland, and severe systemic disease).

A

False

Most IMI with E. Coli are subclinical or of mild to moderate severity

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16
Q

Match each bacteria with one of the following Gram staining characteristics: gram positive, gram negative, gram intermediate, or neither.

Staphylococcus aureus -
E. Coli -
Streptococcus agalactiae -
Mycoplasma bovis -
Klebsiella spp -

A

Staphylococcus aureus - Gram positive
E. Coli - Gram negative
Streptococcus agalactiae - Gram positive
Mycoplasma bovis - Neither
Klebsiella spp - Gram negative

17
Q

Name the test used to differentiate Streptococcus agalactiae from all the other streps.
Strep ag is positive on this test and an arrowhead of beta hemolysis forms when Strep ag is streaked perpendicularly to Staph aureus on a blood agar plate.

A

CAMP test

18
Q

Name the test used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from the other Staphs.

A colony of unknown Staph is inoculated in a tube of rabbit plasma. A clot forms (positive test) if it is Staph aureus.

A

Coagulase test

19
Q

A zone of this type of hemolysis is present around colonies of Staph aureus growing on blood agar.

A

Beta hemolysis

20
Q

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the proper use of antibiotic susceptibility testing of mastitis pathogens?

  • It is a test of exclusion - antibiotics to which the bacterial isolate are resistant are a poor choice to treat an intramammary infection
  • In vitro sensitivity predicts in vivo sensitivity and thus identifies best choices for intramammary treatments of the bacterial isolate.
A

It is a test of exclusion. Antibiotics to which the bacterial isolate are resistant are a poor choice to treat an intramammary infection.

21
Q

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding Mycoplasma spp intramammary infections?

  • Mycoplasma spp IMI should be suspected in a case that is refractory to intramammary antibiotic treatment and aerobic milk culture is negative.
  • Mycoplasma spp will grow with standard aerobic milk culturing techniques
  • Mycoplasma spp IMI should be treated with standard intramammary antibiotics since isolates are typically susceptible to beta lactams
  • If Mycoplasma spp intramammary infection is suspected, Mycoplasma culture should be specifically requested as a it requires special growth media, special growing conditions, and requires a microscope to see colony growth.
A
  • Mycoplasma spp IMI should be suspected in a case that is refractory to intramammary antibiotic treatment and aerobic milk culture is negative.
  • If Mycoplasma spp intramammary infection is suspected, Mycoplasma culture should be specifically requested as a it requires special growth media, special growing conditions, and requires a microscope to see colony growth.
22
Q

The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a cowside test used to what?

  • Identify bacteria present in the milk to identify clinical mastitis
  • Crudely measure the Somatic Cell Count in the milk to identify a cow with clinical mastitis
  • Crudely measure the Somatic Cell Count in the milk to identify a cow with subclinical mastitis
  • Identify bacteria present in the milk to identify a cow with subclinical mastitis
A

Crudely measure the SCC in the milk to identify a cow with subclinical mastitis

23
Q

Four to five times more intramammary infections occur during the dry (non-lactating) period than during lactations for which of the following mastitis pathogens? Select all that apply.

  • Mycoplasma spp
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Environmental Streptococci
  • E. Coli
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
A

Environmental Streptococci and E. Coli

AG ANIMAL MED (9 decks)

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