Ignore

Question 1

Evaluate Animal studies of attachment

Answer 1

Lorenz - The critical period has been criticised (Sluckin) kept one duck in insolation and they still imprinted
Lorenz - imprinting can be reversed
Guiton - yellow washing up gloves

Harlow - highly valued research
Helped understanding of mother-infant attachment (PA)
Harlow - Ethical issues

Question 2

Evaluate learning theory of attachment

Answer 2

+ PAs: shows how infants can become attached to a caregiver and the key role food plays

• attachments have been formed without feeding
  SCHAFFER AND EMERSON found in 39% of cases; the primary attachment figure was not who fed them
• Contradicting Research
  Heavily critiqued by Harlow research
  He states attachment is not the one who fed

Question 3

Evaluate the monotropic theory for attachment

Answer 3

+ support for internal working model
Bailey et aL assessed 99 mothers.
Found: majority had the same attachment as their mothers

+positive real world PAs
We can see who may have trouble parenting

• Sensitive rather than critical
  HOWEVER : Can argue that Lorenz supports this
• multiple attachment rather than monotropic bond
  Schaffer and Emerson found by 10 months of age most babies formed multiple attachment with siblings

Question 4

Evaluate Caregiver - infant interactions of attachment

Answer 4

+ Evans studied reciprocity + synchrony
In 101 infants and their mothers for the 1st year after birth (LAB)
F: babies who were securely attached gave the most reciprocal interactions

x - cultural variations
LeVine found differences in interactions in Kenyan mothers who have little physical contact

Question 5

Evaluate the stages of attachment theory (Schaffer’s Lab Study)

Answer 5

+ good external validity
Carried out in family homes and observations were done by parents (natural)
x - however can be critiqued for a small sample

x - cultural variations
Collectivist cultures were everyone is involved in child care goes against one specific attachment

x - problems in measuring attachment
Asocial stage highlights there is not much to observe so how can we draw conclusions?

Question 6

Evaluate the role of the father

Answer 6

+ - Fathers support the role of the mothers

x - women are pre disposed to be more nurturing due to evolutionary principles

x - children can develop the same as those with two parents

Question 7

Evaluate Ainsworths Strange situation

Answer 7

+ reliable measure
- lab study and supported by inter rater reliability (BICK)

x - lacks eco validity
- it’s an unrealistic situation

x - Culture Bias
- only American families

Question 8

Evaluate the cultural variations in attachment

Answer 8

+ large sample
Nearly 2000 mothers and infants were used

x - Culturally Bias STILL
Most in the sample were American (18 US to 1 In China) and is based on a British theory

x - problems with the use of this method
It can demonstrate differences but can’t explain why