Gender AO1

Question 1

Outline sex and gender. Sex role stereotypes

Answer 1

• sex is innate and gender is environmental
• sex role stereotypes are reinforced by parents, teachers and media
  (Furnham TV advert study)

Question 2

Outline androgyny and BSRI

Answer 2

• Androgyny is displaying a balance of masc and fem features
• Bem designed a self report questionnaire on a 7 point scale
  It was devised of masc and fem traits to measure androgyny

Question 3

The role of chromosomes and hormones in sex and gender

Answer 3

• sex chromosomes determine an individual sex by (fem XX and male XY)
• around 6 weeks the sex chromos will have an effect
• the SRY gene causes testes to develop and so a non active SRY would not develop this

Question 4

Outline Atypical sex chromosome patterns: Klinefelter + Turner syndrome

Answer 4

Klinefelter’s - structure of XXY and bio males
Physical - reduced body hair, some breast development,
Psy - poor language skills, Shy

Turner’s - caused by an absence of two X chromosomes, (XO) + 45 chromos
Physical - no breast development, webbed neck
Psy - socially immature, high reading ability

Question 5

Outline cognitive explanations of gender development - Kohlberg’s theory

Answer 5

• he believes gender development is down to thinking and understanding

Stages of gender identity:
1 - gender identity , 2-3 years - understand they are a boy or girl

2 - gender stability , 3-5 years - understands their gender is fixed but can’t apply to others

3 - gender constancy , 6-7 years - understanding is fixed for themselves and different situations

Question 6

Outline cognitive explanations of gender development- Gender Schema Theory

Answer 6

A gender schema is a set of beliefs and values stored in the memory about gender behaviour
- proposes we learn gender schemas about what is appropriate or not by observation and interaction
- they develop from 2 years of age
- Children are more focused on their in group (own gender) than an out group (opposing gender)