IFSTA HAZ-MAT Flashcards
Alpha rays
Can be stopped by a sheet of paper, however can be dangerous if ingested or inhaled
What is TRACEMP and what does it stand for
It is the hazards faced at HAZ mat incidents, thermal, radiological, asphyxiation, chemical, etiological, mechanical, psychological
Beta particles
Fast moving, can penetrate the skin, but are most dangerous when inhaled or ingested, can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing.
Gamma rays
High energy, very penetrating, can easily pass through the human body, several feet of concrete or a few inches of lead are required to stop.
X rays
Lower energy, single largest source of manufactured radiation exposure, less than an inch of lead can stop
Neutrons
Ultra high energy, highly penetrating
What is the best way for first responders to protect against radiation
Time, distance, and shielding
What is an irritant
A toxin that causes temporary but sometimes sever inflammation to the eyes, skins respiratory tract
What is a convulsants
Material that causes involuntary muscle contractions
What is a corrosive
Chemicals that destroy or burn living tissue and have destructive effects to metal
What is a carcinogen
Cancer causing agent
What is a mutagen
Agent that is capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell
What is a teratogen
An agent capable of causing developmental abnormalities.
What is a sensitizer/allergin
Substance capable of me causing allergic reactions in people or animals
What is an etiological hazard
Exposure to a microorganism that may result in a disabling disease
What arête seven clues to the presence of hazardous materials
Occupancy type Container shapes Transportation placard Other markings and colors Written resources Senses Monitoring and detection devices
According to us customs how much is a barrel?
Anywhere from 31.5 to 42 gallons of liquid
Where is the un orange placard?
Rail tank cars, cargo tank trucks, portable tanks, bulk packages, vehicles containing large quantities of hazardous materials, and certain non bulk packages when transported in bulk containers
When is a placard not required when transporting hazardous materials
When the gross weight of the material is less than 1001 pounds for any one shipment.
Who is required to provide the hazard placards when material is being shipped
The shipper, not the driver.
What is stenciled on the sides and ends of rail cars
Weight of substance, and gallons or litters of substance
Where is the 704 placard meant to be used
Commercial, manufacturing, institutional, and other fixed storage facilities.
What is the 704 placard not designed for
Transportation, general public use, non emergency occupational exposures, explosives and blasting agents, chronic health hazards, etiological agents
On the 704 placard what do the numbers mean
0 is minimal hazard, 4 is most severe hazard
What do the colors indicate on the 704 diamond
Blue is health, red is flammability, yellow is instability, white is special hazards
What are the only two symbols authorized to be on the wet section of the 704 placard
Oxidizer symbol (OX) or the water reactivity(W with a line through it). Older placards may have the radiation symbol on them though.
What are the signal words and what do they mean
Caution, minor health effects
Warning, moderate hazards
Danger, highest degree of hazard, ca have deadly effects or explode when exposed to heat
Poison, required in addition to danger when substance is highly toxic
What are the piping identification color codes
Yellow, high hazard material
Green, low hazard liquid
Blue, low hazard gases
Red, fire suppression materials
Management priorities on a HAZ mat incident
Life safety, incident stabilization, protect environment and property
What is the most crucial aspect of controlling any incident
Implementation of ICS
What level must the safety officer be trained to on a HAZ mat incident
The level of operations
What training must the IC of a HAZ mat incident have
Must have incident management training, and and be at the HAZ mat operational level
Does a HAZ mat incident need an assistant safety officer
Yes
What are the HAZ mat incident levels
Level 1, least serious and easy to handle, evacuation is limited to the area of the spill
Level 2, requires the service of a formal HAZ mat team example is a leaking tanker
Level 3, requires state and federal assistance, most serious incident, may require evacuation over large areas
What release when a container fails
The product, energy, and the container
What are the different levels of HAZ mat contact
Immediate, seconds
Short term, minutes or hours
Medium term, days or weeks or years
Long term, years or generations
What are the three modes of operation when considering strategies on a HAZ mat incident
Non-intervention (awareness level), defensive (operational level), or offensive (technician level)
What is the primary strategic goal for first responder at a HAZ mat incident
Isolation
When does the erg table for initial isolation distances and protective action distance not apply
If the material is on fire, or has been leaking for longer than 30 minutes
What is smallest isolation distance listed in the erg
100 feet
What is the protection action zone?
The area immediately adjacent and downwind from the initial isolation zone
What are the hazard control zones
Hot zone or exclusion zone, contaminated area or can become contaminated area (HAZ mat technicians)
Warm zone or contamination reduction area, area abutting the hot zone and extending to the cold zone and is considered safe for workers to enter without special protective clothing, Decon usually happens here
Cold zone or support zone, used to carry out all other support no PPE required, command post and staging located here
What are the rescue risk classes based on in a HAZ mat incident
The hazard classifications
What is adsorption
When a material sticks to the outside instead of being sucked into as is the case with absorption
Where can you find which kind of foam should be used on a substance
In the orange guide number of the erg
What are options for fire control
Controlled burn, exposure protection, withdrawal, extinguishment
What do structural firefighting turnouts protect you from
Heat, moisture, and ordinary hazards associated with a structure fire
What is permeation
When a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level
What is Chemical degradation
When the characteristics of a material are altered through contact with a chemical
What is penetration
When a substance enters an opening or a puncture in a protective material
What is the highest level of protective clothing for HAZ mat responders?
Vapor protective clothing
What does a closed circuit SCBA do
Recycles the wearers exhaled gases
How far can a supplied air breathing apparatus go
300 feet
When do you wear an air purifying respirator
When the atmosphere is controlled and substances are completely understood, o2 levels are between 19.5 and 23.5, atmosphere is below IDLH conditions
What is a catalyst
A substance that influences a chemical reaction between or among other substances
What is a sorbent
A material compound or system that holds by absorption or adsorption
What are the EPA suit levels
Level A, highest level against vapors, mist, and particles,
Level B, requires SCBA and provides against splashes, provides little or no protection against chemical vapors or gases to the skin
Level C, splash protecting garment, and an air purifying device
Level D, typical work uniform or street clothing
What is exposure
When people, animals or the environment come in contact with a hazardous material
What is contamination
When people, animals or the environment are exposed to and come in contact with enough material to become a carrier
When should a Decon plan be put in place
Before people enter the hot zone
When should emergency Decon be conducted
Failure of PPE, accidental contamination of responders, heat illness suffered by responders in the hot zone, medical attention needed for other victims
What does emergency Decon not take in to consideration
The impact on the environment or property.
How does the DOT recommend that first responders attack fires involving explosives
Do not attack them, instead withdraw and let the fire burn.
What does the erg recommend for most explosives
That all civilians and first responders evacuate a distance of 1 mile in all directions
How much can a handheld pressure vessel weigh
100 pounds
What is the primary objective in a flammable gas leak
Turn off the flow of gas
What do you need to attack a flammable gases or liquids fire
Continuous water supply
Do you extinguish flames coming from a pressure relief valve?
Never.
Where do you never direct hose streams in a gas leak
At the source of leak or safety device, icing may occur
What is the primary concern at combustible liquids fires
Protect exposure
What is the proffered method of transporting radioactive material
Rail car
What is volatility
A substances ability to become a vapor at a relatively low temperature
What is persistence
The amount of time a substance stays around and is effective
Who has jurisdiction over terrorist incidents in the United States
The FBI
What should be checked for at the scene of an explosion
Radiation
What is recommended to use when Decon is used
Water alone
