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PPL > Idk 2 > Flashcards

Idk 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Magnetic compasses

A

Only work during steady LEVEL flight unaccelerated

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2
Q

Deviation

A

Difference between installed magnetic compass giving u directions and uninstalled compass bc airplane metal disturbs the compass

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3
Q

ANDS

A

Accelerate north, decelerate south, (magnetic compass says turn north when accelerating)

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4
Q

Acceleration/deceleration errors

A

When east or west heading, when accelerating it’ll say to turn north, opposite for decelerating

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5
Q

Compass turning errors

A

When north/south heading, (compass will direct opposite turn when turning and then lag until east/west heading if north heading, but will lead if south heading and not say wrong direction??)

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6
Q

Magnets in compass

A

Align with any magnetic field (certain metals, aircraft electrical currents, magnetized structure parts) causing deviation errors, which changes bc of heading

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7
Q

Variation

A

Changes bc of location

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8
Q

Pitot static

A

Source of pressure for the altimeter, verticals speed indicator, airspeed indicator, and provides ram impact pressure for airspeed indicator

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9
Q

Pitot static doesn’t work

A

When pitot tube clogged only airspeed indicator incorrect readings, if static vent clogged all readings inaccurate

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10
Q

Airspeed indicator white arc

A

White arc is full flap operating range, lower limit is VS0, stalling w power off and wings/gear in landing pos, upper limit is max full flaps extended speed VFE, ALSO NORMAL FLAP OPERATING RANGE

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11
Q

Green arc airspeed indicator

A

Normal operating range, VS1, power off stall in specific configuration (flaps out, gear in), lower limit is VNO max structural cruising speed

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12
Q

Yellow arc airspeed indicator

A

Caution zone, only fly in smooth air

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13
Q

Red line airspeed indicator

A

VNE never exceed

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14
Q

Design maneuvering speed airspeed indicator

A

Not shown on indicator, VA, max speed in turbulent air, here u can put one of primary controls to max (full deflection) w out structural damage in SMOOTH AIR ONLY, max safe stalling speed

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15
Q

Design maneuvering speed airspeed indicator

A

Not shown on indicator, VA, max speed in turbulent air, here u can put one of primary controls to max (full deflection) w out structural damage in SMOOTH AIR ONLY, max safe stalling speed

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16
Q

Altimeter

A

Measures distance above sea level, three hands (short skinny is 10k interval 0-3, med is 1k ft, 100ft long), number 0-9, if something is between 0-1 it’s 0, if it’s between 1-2 it’s either 10k, 1k or 100, if it’s on 1 it’s not j 10k, measures true altitude

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17
Q

Absolutely altitude

A

Alt above surface

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18
Q

True altitude

A

Alt from mean sea level MSL, doesn’t change in diff atmospheres bc it’s TRUE

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19
Q

True altitude

A

Alt from mean sea level MSL, doesn’t change in diff atmospheres bc it’s TRUE

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20
Q

Density altitude

A

pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperatures

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21
Q

Pressure altitude

A

When altimeter is set to 29.92 in from mercury, same as density altitude in standard temperatures

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22
Q

Indicated altitude

A

Same as true altitude in standard conditions/when altimeter calibrated

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23
Q

Pressure altitude and true altitude

A

Same during standard conditions (15 degrees sea level, altimeter set to 29.92 in from mercury)

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24
Q

When X=X

A

Pressure=density same temp, pressure= true when same atmospheric conditions (sea level, 29.92 in), Indicated= true when standard conditions/calibrated

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25
Q

When altimeter set to true airport altitude

A

altimeter setting is your location/
the setting you would get from the control tower

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26
Q

Altimeter adjusts for

A

Barometric pressure but not temp, so when flying in cold air/low pressure = higher altitude

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27
Q

When flying high to low (temp/pressure)

A

Look out below, low to high clear the sky

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28
Q

Changing altimeter settings

A

Opp affect to changing atmosphere, high temp= high alt, changing at 100ft for 1 in of pressure change

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29
Q

Change in alt from 29.15-29.85

A

0.7*1k= inc of 700ft

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30
Q

Gyroscopic instruments

A

Attitude indicator, turn coordinator, heading indicator

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31
Q

Attitude indicator

A

Horizon bar shows aircraft’s relation to acc horizon w banking scale on top (degrees of bank from level flight)

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32
Q

Attitude indicator

A

Horizon bar shows acc relationship to plane in centre, bank angle at top shoes diff in degrees from level flight, used to tell pitch/bank attitude

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33
Q

Attitude

A

Angle between Plane’s axis and horizon line

34
Q

Attitude gyroscope

A

Gyroscope inside rotates on horizontal plane based on rigidity in space

35
Q

Attitide indicator comes w

A

Knob to realign plane w horizon for pilots veiw

36
Q

Attitide indicator comes w

A

Knob to realign plane w horizon for pilots veiw

37
Q

Attitide indicator comes w

A

Knob to realign plane w horizon for pilots veiw

38
Q

Turn coordinator

A

Shows roll and yaw of plane, in constant bank it shows rate of turn

39
Q

Ball on turn coordinator

A

Ball shows if bank angle coords with rate of turn, if ball in centre u have coordinated turn, left means slipping turn, right means skidding turn

40
Q

Heading indicator

A

Rigidity in space, periodically needs to be realigned, when certain banks/attitudes r exceeded it “spills” so it needs to be reset w caging knob

41
Q

glass flight decks

A

r replacing round dial guages bc streamlines, inc saftey, dec workload, enhance situational awareness, called EFD (electronic flight display)

42
Q

primary flight display PFD

A

all crit flight instruments on one screen (type of EFD), some overlay nav instruments on top of primary flight instruments i.e. vor with heading indicator

43
Q

multi-function display

A

MFD, combines mutlitple systems on one screen, includes moving map of ur location/route/airspace/nearby geographical features, onboard weather systems (includes radar), and terrain/traffic avoidance, checklists, management systems

44
Q

EFD electronic display function uses

A

ADC, air data computer, uses pitot/static to give u differnece between total pressure and staticc pressure to tell u all the things the pitot tells u, airspeed, airspeed pressure ram, vertical speed, altitude

45
Q

AHRS

A

attitude/hearing refrence system, replaces free spinning gyros w laser system that can fly any altitude w out spilling, derived from megntometer that sense earth’s magnetic flux lines, it sends info to PFD to get pitch/bank angle info

46
Q

high engine temp

A

loss of power, excessive oil consumtion, internal engine wear/tear

47
Q

how to cool an engine

A

circulating oil to absorb heats from internal engine parts/reduce friction

48
Q

engine oil/head temperatures

A

exceed normal operating range when too much power, too steep climb, fuel w lower than specified octane, too lean oil mixture, too low oil level and high temps can b reduced by reducing any of these

49
Q

blade angle

A

chord line to perpendicular to propellor

50
Q

constant speed propellor

A

u can chose ur blade angle, it comes r throttle and propellor controls

51
Q

throttle

A

power via manifold pressure guage

52
Q

propellor

A

regulates RPM (engine revolutioins per min) via tachometer

53
Q

constant speed propellor caution

A

high manifold pressure + low RPM= overstressed cylinders

54
Q

dual ignition system purpose

A

improved engine performance/saftey

55
Q

loose/broken wires in ignition system

A

causes problems i.e. when ignition off, magneto (generator) continues to run if switch disconnected, so u have to move the mixture lever (controls ratio of fuel to air) to cut off pos then have system checked

56
Q

Carborator icing U ALSO MISSED 2.12

A

Float type carborator ices bc it mixes furl w air creating pressure/temp drops, doesnt happen w fuel injected engine bc it doesnt have a carborator

57
Q

Y carborator ices

A

Pressure drops bc air goes into air inlet into venturi throat (narrow tube) and speeds up creating low pressure (BC FASTER AIR ALWAYS HAS LOWER PRESSURE!!!) which helps pull fuel into engine via float type carborator which relies on difference in pressure from air inlet and venturi throat

58
Q

Carborator icing causes

A

Loss of RPM and forms in high humidity/ 20f to 70f

59
Q

Carborator icing causes

A

Loss of RPM and forms in high humidity/ 20f to 70f

60
Q

Heating to fix carborator icing

A

Causes further loss of RPM (less hot dense air coming into engine) before RPM increase

61
Q

Heated carborator

A

Enriches fuel/air ratio bc warm air less dense, and dec air density=less air per in the fuel to air ratio, also dec engine performance and inc operating temps

62
Q

Higher altitudes affects fuel/air ratio

A

High alt=dec density, fuel must be leaned (dec) to compensate for lack of air, when going high to low w out enriching u also get leaner mix bc air is denser so inc air in ratio

63
Q

Eliminate engine roughness

A

ONLY AT HIGH ALT AIRPORT by leaning out

64
Q

Abnormal combustion

A

fuel/air mixture can explode when using lower than specified grade octane (remember it causes wear/tear and raises operating temps)

65
Q

fixing abnormal combustion

A

pitch down slightly to increase cooling and decrease engine workload

66
Q
A
67
Q

Fuel/air ratio

A

Weight of fuel/air entering cylinder

68
Q

If u cant use ur level octane

A

Higher grade>lower grade

69
Q

When to fill airtank

A

End of day, eliminates condensation by eliminating airspace in the tank

70
Q

Before every flight drain the

A

Fuel sump/fuel strainer for water

71
Q

In plane w fuel pumps

A

Use aux fuel pump when engine driven fuel pump fails

72
Q

After turning on engine

A

Adjust throttle for RPM/engine gauges, check oil pressure

73
Q

Crancjcase breather lines

A

Vapor cobdenses and ices, be careful in cold weather

74
Q

Most planes have

A

14 or 28 volt elec systems

75
Q

Engine driven altenators

A

supply current to electrical system/ maintain charge on battery

76
Q

Alternator volt

A

higher than battery voltage

77
Q

Master switch

A

Turns on everything but ignition

78
Q

Ammeter

A

Shows if battery gets charge/if alternator produces enough electricity

79
Q

Altenators

A

Produce more electricity at lower RPM than generators

80
Q

Pos ammeter

A

Shows battery’s rate of charge, neg shows opp (rate that electricity is being taken from the battery)

PPL (8 decks)

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