Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

the sum of the ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who we used to be, and who we might be in the future

A

self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the tendency to seek out and agree with information that is consistent with one’s self-concept

A

self-verification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong; the way we define ourselves
e.g. religious affiliation, sexual orientation, ethnic and national affiliations

A

identities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describes our evaluation of ourselves; generally, the closer the actual self is to the ideal self or ought self, the higher our ____ will be

A

self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the way we see ourselves as we currently are

A

actual self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who we want to be

A

ideal self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who others want us to be

A

ought self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or in a given situation

A

self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

can result from being placed in a consistently hopeless scenario leading to self-efficacy being diminished

A

learned helplessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

refers to how strongly people believe they have control over the situations and experiences in their lives

A

locus of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type of locus of control:

people with this type of locus see their successes and failures as a result of their own characteristics and actions

A

internal locus of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type of locus of control:

people with this type of locus perceive outside factors as having more of an influence in their lives

A

external locus of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

theory of personality development:

theory of five stages of personality development based on libido

A

Freud’s theory of psychosexual development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sex drive; tensions it causes are basis of Freud’s psychosexual stages of personal development

A

libido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

results form failure at any stage of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and causes personality disorders

A

fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
stage of Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
first stage (0-1 years); libidinal energy centered on mouth; fixation can lead to excessive dependency
A

oral stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
stage of Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
second stage (1-3 years); toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness
A

anal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
stage of Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
third stage (3-5 years); Oedipal and Electra conflict is resolved during this stage
A

phallic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
stage of Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
fourth stage (5 years - puberty); libido is largely sublimated during this stage
A

latency stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
stage of Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
fifth stage (puberty - adulthood); if previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships
A

genital stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

theory of personality development:
theorizes that personality development is driven by the successful resolution of a series of social and emotional conflicts throughout life; 8 stages of crisis

A

Erikson’s theory of psychological development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (0-1)

A

Trust vs. Mistrust

drive & hope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (1-3)

A

Autonomy vs Doubt

self control & will power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (3-6)

A

Initiative vs Guilt

direction & purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (6-12)

A

Industry vs Inferiority

method & competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (12-20)

A

Identity vs Role Confusion

devotion & fidelity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (20-40)

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

affiliation & love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development (40-65)

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

production & care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stage of Erikson’s theory of psychological development

65+

A

Integrity vs Despair

renunciation & wisdom

30
Q

theory of personality development:

theory of six stages (three phases) that describe the approaches of individuals to solving moral dilemmas

A

Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning

31
Q

phase of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning:

avoids punishment & makes deals for personal gain

A

pre-conventional morality

stages 1 (obedience)
stage 2 (self-interest)
32
Q

phase of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning:

meet expectations of others & follows rules

A

conventional morality

stage 3 (conformity) 
stage 4 (law and order)
33
Q

phase of Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning:

make/keep promises & follows universal ethical principles

A

postconventional morality

stage 5 (social contract)
stage 6 (universal human ethics)
34
Q

theory of personality development:

idea that describes the skills a child has not yet mastered and requires a more knowledgeable other to accomplish

A

Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

35
Q

the group to which we compare ourselves; contributes to our self-concepts

A

reference group

36
Q

describes the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and location
theories include: psychoanalytic, humanistic, type and trait, and behaviorist

A

personality

37
Q

theory of personality:

views personality as resulting from unconscious urges and desires

A

psychoanalytic perspective (psychodynamic)

38
Q

contributor to psychoanalytic theory:
based theory on id, superego, and ego; the ego makes use of defense mechanisms to reduce stress caused by the urges of the id and superego

A

Freud’s theories

39
Q

Freud:

base urges of survival and reproduction

A

id

40
Q

Freud:

the idealist and perfectionist

A

superego

41
Q

Freud:

the mediator between the id and superego and the conscious mind

A

ego

42
Q

Freud:

used by the ego to reduce stress caused by the urges of the id and superego; 8 kinds

A

defense mechanisms

43
Q

defense mechanism:

unconsciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

A

repression

44
Q

defense mechanism:

consciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

A

supression

45
Q

defense mechanism:

returning to an earlier stage of development

A

regression

46
Q

defense mechanism:

an unacceptable impulse is transformed into its opposite

A

reaction formation

47
Q

defense mechanism:

attribution of wishes, desires, thoughts, or emotions to someone else

A

projection

48
Q

defense mechanism:

justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

A

rationalization

49
Q

defense mechanism:

changing the target of an emotion, while the feelings remain the same

A

displacement

50
Q

defense mechanism:

channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable direction

A

sublimation

51
Q

contributor to psychoanalytic theory:
assumed a collective unconscious that links all humans together; viewed the personality as being influenced by archetypes

A

Jung’s theories

52
Q

Jungian archetype:

the aspect of our personality we present to the world

A

persona

53
Q

Jungian archetype:

a “man’s inner woman”

A

anima

54
Q

Jungian archetype:

a “woman’s inner man”

A

animus

55
Q

Jungian archetype:

unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and actions experienced in the unconscious mind

A

shadow

56
Q

contributor to psychoanalytic theory:
some other psychoanalysts that have distanced themselves from Freud’s theories, claiming that the unconscious is motivated by social urges rather than sexual urges

A

Adler and Horney

57
Q

theory of personality:
emphasizes the internal feelings of healthy individuals as they strive toward happiness and self-realization; inspired Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Lewin’s force field theory, Kelly’s personal construct psychology, and Roger’s therapeutic approach of unconditional positive regard; often associated with Gestalt therapy

A

humanistic perspective (phenomenological)

58
Q

theory of personality:
theorists believe that personality can be described as a number of identifiable traits that carry characteristic behaviors

A

type and trait theories

59
Q

theory of personality:
an individual’s personality can be quantified into a few unique categories
include ancient Greek notion of humors (based on body fluids), Sheldon’s somatotypes (body types), division into Types A and B, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory

A

type theories

60
Q

groups of behaviors that typically occur together

A

traits

61
Q

type theorist of personality:
identified three major traits which could be used to describe all individuals (PEN model): psychoticism (nonconformity), extraversion (tolerance for social interaction and stimulation), and neuroticism (arousal in stressful situations)

A

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

62
Q

recent expansion of PEN model with five traits: openness (openness to experience), conscientiousness (high levels = high impulse control; low levels = spontaneity), extraversion, agreeableness (degree to which a person is concerned about maintaining peace and harmony in interactions), and neuroticism

A

Five Factor Model (the Big Five)

63
Q

type theorist of personality:

identified three basic types of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary

A

Allport

64
Q

Allport:

traits around which a person organizes his or her life; not developed by everyone

A

cardinal traits

65
Q

Allport:

represent major characteristics of personality

A

central traits

66
Q

Allport:

more personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence

A

secondary traits

67
Q

theory of personality:

holds that individuals interact with their environments in a cycle called reciprocal determinism

A

social cognitive perspective

68
Q

idea that people mold their environments according to their personalities, and those environments in turn shape our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

A

reciprocal determinism

69
Q

theory of personality:
based on concept of operant conditioning, holds that personality can be described as the behaviors one has learned from prior rewards and punishments

A

behaviorist perspective

70
Q

theorists of personality:

claim that behavior can be explained as a result of genetic expression

A

biological theorists

71
Q

PEN model

A

PEN: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism

72
Q

Five Factor Model

A

OCEAN: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

MCAT Psych/Soc (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions