Identifying Truth, Fact and Opinion & Theories of Truth

Question 1

Based on this theory,
there is a possibility that there will be
varied truths from different perspectives.

Answer 1

COHERENCE THEORY

Question 2

believes that knowledge is gained as part of
social experience and requires interaction
and collaboration.

Answer 2

CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY

Question 3

Certain beliefs, traditions, and practices are
often the product of __________ as they may
be imposed by influential groups or
institutions such as ________ or
______________________.

Answer 3

consensus; governments and religious organizations

Question 4

International Astronomical
Union (IAU) in 2006 to change
the planet Pluto’s classification
into a “dwarf planet.” At
present, the classification of
Pluto is a topic that incites much
debate among astronomers.

Answer 4

CONSENSUS THEORY

Question 5

is a judgment based on
personal convictions, which may or
may not be factual, truthful, or false.

Answer 5

Opinion

Question 6

is a philosophical concept
which contends that there are no
absolute truths.

Answer 6

Relativism

Question 7

is a piece of information having
objective reality, which is
acknowledged by the greater whole.

Answer 7

Fact

Question 8

is a proposition believed to be
the absolute reality.

Answer 8

Truth

Question 9

It also believes that ideas should be
________________ to confirm their validity.

Answer 9

PRAGMATIC THEORY
continually tested

Question 10

It holds that knowledge is shaped by
social forces and influenced by culture
and history.

What is true, or what a
person considers true, is shaped by the
structures within the individual’s society
and culture.

Answer 10

CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY

Question 11

It holds the view that something is true if
we can put it into practice or is useful in real
life.

Answer 11

PRAGMATIC THEORY

Question 12

It proposes that something is true if it
makes sense when placed in a certain
situation or context.

Answer 12

COHERENCE THEORY

Question 13

It views knowledge as based on
agreement, and that something is true if
almost everyone agrees that it is true.

Answer 13

CONSENSUS THEORY

Question 14

Mammals are animals that
are generally
warm-blooded, have hair,
and feed their young with
milk is considered to be
true.

Dog barks.

Answer 14

CORRESPONDENCE THEORY;

Question 15

Marriage

○ Societies assign high importance
to marriage and this is reflected in
laws and traditions. Philippine
society, for instance, considers the
family as “the foundation of the
nation” as stated in the 1987
Constitution.

Answer 15

CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY

Question 16

Pigs are unclean.

○ The belief that eating pork will
render them unclean makes sense
in the context of Islamic faith.
Non-Muslims, however, do not
share this belief and thus do not
subscribe to this practice of not
eating pork.

Answer 16

COHERENCE THEORY

Question 17

The first concept about truth is rooted
in an ancient Greek philosophy’s concept
of knowledge

This concept rests on three conditions:
true things can be known, something is
true because you believe it to be true, and
that there is justification for belief.

Answer 17

JUSTIFIED TRUE BELIEF

Question 18

The __________________, where experiments
are designed to test hypotheses or confirm
conclusions, is an example of a pragmatic
approach in determining truth.

Answer 18

scientific method

Question 19

This perspective also
holds that it is possible for knowledge and
truth to change, given that what is true may
be influenced by historical developments
and social struggles.

Answer 19

CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY

Question 20

This theory
assumes a direct relationship between an
idea and reality to be able to take a
statement as “fact.”

states that something is true if it
corresponds to (agree with) reality or the
_________________.

Answer 20

CORRESPONDENCE THEORY; actual state of affairs

We expect that objects and concepts
are defined as they are in real life.

Question 21

Yellow Fever

○ This disease was first thought to
be transmitted through the air.
This idea, however, was refuted
in 1886 by Dr. Carlos Finlay.
Finlay believed that the disease
affected the blood and that
mosquitoes were its carriers.

Answer 21

PRAGMATIC THEORY