Development of Philosophy 1 Flashcards
● There is a single god
● He did not subscribe to
the idea of an
__________________,
whom many people
believed in his time.
Xenophanes; anthropomorphic god
This perspective has led to the
development of a more scientific and theory-based approach in philosophy.
Western Philosophy
The unity of opposites in
characterizing the cosmos
and went further to express
that to understand these
characterizations is to
inquire of the logos (an
objective law-like principle)
and be able to speak the
language of the logos.
Heraclitus
● More systematic than Thales
● Claimed that the
universe was formed
from the boundless
(apeiron) which is both
the first principle
(arche) and the
substance (stoicheion)
of the universe.
Anaximander
primarily concerned with uncovering the truth through systematic argumentation and theory. There is greater
emphasis on the ___________ rather than
_____, and an increased focus on __________l.
Western Philosophy; use of reason; faith; man as an
individual
People attempted to explain the origin of things and events or occurrences in nature.
Pre-Philosophical Period
● Argued that air was the
fundamental element.
● Through the process of
___________ or
________________, the air
surrounds Earth in a
more or less
compressed state.
Anaximenes; rarefaction or compression
First to engage in the inquiry of
searching for causes and
principles of the _______________
and various phenomena without
relying on supernatural
explanations and divine
components.
Thales; natural world
First Greek philosopher
and the father of
philosophy
By observing nature, he
believed that the Earth
___________, which
was considered as the
first or ultimate
substance.
Thales; floats on water; first or ultimate
substance
devoid of any mythical notions =
scientific
The pre-Socratics and their points of
view expressed a tendency toward
___________ and ___________.
observation and analysis
Called as ________, Western philosophy is said to
have begun in the ______________ (present-day
Turkey) around 6th century BC
through Thales of Miletus.
Pre-Socratic; Milesians; Ionic colonies
of Asia Minor; Thales of Miletus
Such attempts are evident in ______________________ that the ancient peoples–the
ancient Babylonians, Chinese, Hindus,
Egyptians, and the Greeks most
notably–believe in. However, these stories are
characterized by ___________ or
_______________ and not by natural or
rational explanations.
Pre Socratic; folklore, myths,
and legends; religious elements; supernatural powers
The first philosophers of Ancient
_______ were primarily preoccupied
with the study of ______ and the
___________.
Pre-Socratic; Greece; nature and universe
