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CIC > Identifying ID Processes: Bacteria > Flashcards

Identifying ID Processes: Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacter

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rods

Transmission: hands, contaminated food, equipment. May colonize and turn into infection when normal flora is reduced by antibiotics

Infections: UTIs, respiratory infections, wound infections, bacteremia

Notes: opportunistic bacteria

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2
Q

E. coli

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rod

Transmission: contact, ingestion, fecal-oral, foodborne

Infections: GI, UTI, bacteremia

Notes: Category B bioterrorism agent

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3
Q

Klebsiella

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Aerobic, rod

Transmission: Direct contact, person to person, contaminated environment.

Infections: pneumonia, bacteremia, wound infection, UTI

Notes: normal flora in GI tract, may asymptomatically colonize upper respiratory tract.

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4
Q

Proteus

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rod

Transmission: person to person, direct and indirect contact and contaminated environment

Infections: UTI, respiratory, wound, bacteremia

Notes: normal flora of GI tract that becomes pathogenic elsewhere.

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5
Q

Salmonella

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rod

Transmission: fecal-oral through water and food.

Infections: typhoid fever, foodborne illness,

Notes: Category B bioterrorism agent

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6
Q

Serratia

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rod

Transmission: contact, contamination of fluids or equipment.

Infections: pneumonia, bacteremia, wound

Notes: Normal flora in GI tract.

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7
Q

Shigella

A

Enteric Gram negative bacteria

Facultative anaerobe, rod

Transmission: fecal-oral contact. Mainly person to person but can also be on food/water or environment.

Infections: Gastroenteritis and dysentery

Notes: Highly contagious and few organisms needed to cause disease. Category B bioterrorism agent. One serotype has been known to produce shiga toxin which causes high fatality rates.

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8
Q

Acinetobacter

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Aerobic, rod

Mode of transmission: direct and indirect, environmental contact.

Infections: pneumonia, bacteremia, wound

Notes: in water sources but can survive dry surfaces for a month!

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9
Q

Bordetella

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Aerobic, coccobacilli

Mode of transmission: Droplet

Infections: pertussis, pneumonia

Notes: whoop sound in kids.

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10
Q

Brucella

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Aerobic, cocxobacilli

Mode of transmission: unpasteurized dairy products

Infections: fever, arthritis, osteomyelitis, nodular lung, endocarditis

Notes: category B bioterrorism agent

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11
Q

Campylobacter

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Curved rod

Mode of transmission: contact or ingestion of contaminated soil, water, or food.

Infections: gastroenteritis

Notes: small infectious dose!

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12
Q

Chlamydia

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Aerobic, cocci

Mode of transmission: depends on species; droplet and contact, contact sexual transmission, inhaling bird secretions and feces.

Infections: depends on species; pneumonia, genital infections and conjunctivitis, psittacosis

Notes: psittacosis is a category B bioterrorism agent

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13
Q

Haemophilus

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Coccobacillus

Transmission: contact and droplet

Infections: respiratory, meningitis, bacteremia, otitis media

Notes: normal flora of upper respiratory tract. Vaccine exists.

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14
Q

Legionella

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Rod

Transmission: aspiration or direct inhalation of organisms

Infections: legionnaires

Notes: difficult to see with gram stain.

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15
Q

Neisseria

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Diplococci

Transmission: respiratory droplets

Infections: meningitis, bacteremia or another sources with genital infection

Notes: meningitis typically part of normal flora in back of nose and throat. Often incidental findings in respiratory cultures and often depends on clinical presentation.

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16
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Non-enteric gram negative

Aerobic, rod

Transmission: contaminated water, foods, contact.

Infections: ear infections, UTIs, respiratory, wound, bacteremia, burn patients

Notes:

17
Q

Bacillus

A

Gram-positive

Aerobic, rod

Transmission: foodborne, contact

Infections: anthrax
- cutaneous: blisters, bumps
- inhalation: fever, SOB, cough, dizzy nausea, chills.
- other species but others about immunocompromised situation and food

Notes: anthracis is a category A bioterrorism agent

18
Q

Clostridioides

A

Gram-positive

Anaerobic, rod, spore containing,

Transmission: spores in environment

Infections: Colitis, increased WBC (leukocytes)

Notes: CDI can last for years. Standard abx doesn’t work.

19
Q

Clostridium

A

Gram-positive

Anaerobic, rod, spore containing

Transmission: botulism, gas gangrene (perfringens), tetanus

Infections: contact, ingestion

Notes: botulism is a category A bioterrorism agent. Perfringens is a category B bioterrorism agent. All 3 produce toxins.

20
Q

Enterococci

A

Gram-positive

Aerobic, catalase-negative, non-spore forming, cocci

Transmission: direct and indirect contact

Infections: UTIs, wound, bacteremia, endocarditis, abdominal infections.

Notes: most abundant gram positive cocci in GI tract

21
Q

Listeria

A

Gram-positive

Rods

Transmission: foodborne, prenatal transmission.

Infections: meningitis

Notes: Accounts for small number of all foodborne cases, but high proportion of hospitalization and deaths.

22
Q

Staphylococcus (coagulase-negative)

A

Gram-positive

Cocci

Transmission: contact

Infections: UTI, bacteremia, device infections, endocarditis

Notes: Methicillin resistance is common and contact precautions are NOT needed for Methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus species. Often colonizes skin but can become a pathogen when it enters tissue or sterile sites. This is the leading cause of infections associated with implants. Often found in contaminated blood cultures

23
Q

Staphylococcus (coagulase-positive) AKA: Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram-positive

Cocci

Transmission: Endogenous (naturally occurring on host), contact

Infections: Wound, pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis, enterotoxin can lead to toxic shock syndrome (TSS), food poisoning.

Notes: Very important human pathogen, part of skin flora, nares, nasopharynx, perineal. MRSA if resistant to methicillin.

24
Q

Streptococcus

A

Gram-positive

Several species: Group A - pyogenes; Group B - agalactiae; Group G - pneumonia, viridans

Chain

Transmission:
Group A - person to person contact, droplet, foodborne and waterborne, arthropod vectors, fomites
Group B - Contact, sexual contact, infants
Group G - foodborne, can colonize parts of body, contact

Infections:
Group A - necrotizing fasciitis, soft tissue, abscess, post operative surgical sites, scarlet fever and rheumatic fever
Group B - neonatal infections, bacteremia
Group G - opportunistic infections such as bacteremia, septic arthritis, endocarditis etc. in patients with underlying medical conditions.

Notes:
Group A - one of the most important pathogens found in humans. Produces toxins. Single surgical site infections is significant and further investigation of the source is a must. (Beta hemolytic)
Group B - also beta hemolytic. Common in GI tract and genital tract
Group G - alpha hemolytic.

25
Q

TB-causing Mycobacterium

A

Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid fast bacilli

Pulmonary TB, cough lasting more than 3 weeks, weight loss, night sweats

Transmission: airborne

Notes: positive AFB smear, positive PCR testing results.

26
Q

Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM)

A

Avium, abscessus, fortuitum, kansasii, chelonae, chimaera

AFB - acid fast bacilli

Rapid growing: abs, fort, chelonae
Slow growing: av, Kansas, chim

Transmission: all environmental contact, tap water (except Kansas and chim), can’t transmit between humans.

Notes: opportunistic pathogens found in soil, dust, and water. M. avium is the most common to cause disease.

27
Q

Borrelia

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Spirochetes

Transmission: Ticks

Infections: Lyme

Notes: vaccine available l

28
Q

Treponema

A

Treponema pallidum

Gram-negative spirochete

Transmission: sexual contact. Blood transfusion. Fetal infections through placental transfer

Infections: syphilis
Primary phase: primary lesions
Secondary: everything else, CNS, lesions on bone etc
Tertiary: fatal

Notes: none

CIC (5 decks)

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