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Foriensic Medicine > Identification > Flashcards

Identification Flashcards

1
Q

Identification is necessary in

A 
Living person
Recently dead
Decomposed body
Mutilated + burnt bodies
Skeleton
Criminal cases 
Civil cases
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2
Q

Criminal cases include

A 
Assault
Murder
Rape
Newborn interchange
Impersonation
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3
Q

Civil cases

A 
Marriage
Inheritance
Passport
Insurance claims
Disputed sex
Missing persons
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4
Q

Visual identification is difficult in cases of

A 
Fires
Explosion
Advanced decomposition
Mutilation
Aircraft accident
Earthquake
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5
Q

Corpus delicti (body of offence / essence of crime)

A

Facts of any criminal offence

Indicates death by unlawful violence / foul play /fatal injuries

Focuses on establishment of identity

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6
Q

Identification data include

A 
Race /religion
Sex
Age
General development/ stature
Complexion/features
External pecularities
Anthropometric measurements
Finger/ foot prints
Teeth
Personal effects
Handwriting
Speech and voice
Gait(manner + habit)
Memory + education
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7
Q

Race can be determined by

A 
Complexion
Eyes
Hair
Clothes
Skeleton(cephalic index)
Brachial index
Crural index
Humero-femoral index
Intermembral index
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8
Q

Cephalic index

A

Index of breadth

Maximum breadth of skull/ maximum length of skull *100

By calipers between both parietal eminences + glabella and external occipital protuberance

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9
Q

Types of skull on the basis of cephalic index

A

Caucasian
Mongolian
Negro

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10
Q

Caucasian skull features

A 
Completely straigth lower face (orthognathism)
Rounded skull
Triangular orbits
Elongated nasal aperture
Very sharp nasal sill
Triangular palate
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11
Q

Mongolian features

A 
Malar + midnasal area (ant. Projection)
Flatter facial skeleton
Square skull
Rounded orbits
Rounded nasal aperture
Rounded palate
Limbs similar
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12
Q

Negro features

A 
Facial prognathism
Narrow elongated skull
Square orbit
Broad nasal aperture
Guttered nasal sill
Rectangular palate
Longer limbs
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13
Q

3 types of skull based on cephalic index

A

Dolico cephalic /long headed (70-75)
Mesati cephalic /medium headed (75-80)
Brachy cephalic /short headed (80-85)

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14
Q

Specific features of muslim males

A

Circumcised

Marks of corns + callosities on lateral knees and feet

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15
Q

Sex determination done in cases of

A 
Heirship
Marriage
Divorce
Legitimacy
Impotence
Rape
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16
Q

Sex determination is difficult in cases of

A

Hermaphroditism
Concealed sex
Advanced decomposition
Skeleton

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17
Q

Types of identification

A

Complete

Incomplete

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18
Q

Medicolegal dictum

A

In all medicolegal reports, 2 complete identification marks so as to confirm in subsequent examination.

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19
Q

Best system for identification

A

Dactylography
Teeth (dental status)

DNA fingerprinting yet to be recognised as evidence by courts

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20
Q

Brachial index

A

Length of radius/length of humerus*100

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21
Q

Crural index

A

Length of tibia/length of femur *100

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22
Q

Humero-femoral index

A

Lenth of humerus/length of femur*100

23
Q

Intermembral index

A

Legnth of radius + humerus/ length of tibia+femur *100

24
Q

Signs of sex classification

A

Positive /confirmatory
Probable
Presumptive

25
Q

Positive /confirmatory signs of sex

A

Functional testes/ ovaries
Nuclear sexing
Chromosome pattern studies

26
Q

Probable signs of sex determination

A 
Penis + scrotal sac
Vagina+ breasts
Muscularity (M)
Subcutaneuos fat (F)
Facial hair
Pubic hair pattern
27
Q

Presumptive signs for sex determination

A 
Facial features
Hair length
More carrying angle (F)
Round and full buttocks(F)
Conical thighs (F)
28
Q

Sex determination in mutilated body

A 
Demonstration of uterus/prostate
Pesumptive signs
Nuclear sexing(upto 2 weeks)
Tooth pulp (upto 5 weeks)
Bones
29
Q

Nuclear sexing

A

Sex determination by Study of nucleus in non dividing cells of body.
Barr body in females (chromatin positive person)
H&E compact, plano convex-mass (periphery)

Davidson body PMN cells (drumstick like projection) (lobe of nucleus)

30
Q

Intersex states

A 
Gonadal agenesis
Gonadal dysgenesis
  Ovarian(Turner's)
  Testicular( Klinefelter's)
Hermaphrodite
31
Q

Turner’s syndrome features (Noonan’s syndrome with no gonadal dysgenesis)

A 
44+XO (chromosome negative male)
Sexual infantalism
Short stature
Congenital abnormalities
  Webbed neck
  Cubitus valgus
  Coarctation of aorta
  Colour blindness
  Septal defects
  Renal defects
  Refractive defects
  Diabetes
32
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome features

A 
Testicular dysgenesis
44+XXY(47/48/49)
Chromatin positive like females
Sexual infantalism
Gynaecomastia
Eunuchoid features
33
Q

Types of true hermaphrodite

A

Bilateral
Unilateral
Lateral

34
Q

Pseudo hermaphrodite(false/spurious)

A

Male pseudo hermaphrodite
Female pseudo hermaphrodite
Transverse hermaphrodite

35
Q

Determination of age

A

Teeth (dental stature)
Height +wt
Changes in puberty / old age
Bones

36
Q

Age determination by teeth

A

Type (permanent/temporary)
No. Of teeth erupted
Root calcification

37
Q

Germination of teeth

A

Milk teeth 4-5 months intra uterine life

Permanent just before birth

38
Q

Pecularity of teeth eruption

A 
Starts 6months
In syphilis teeth present at birth
Malnutrition delay eruption
Mixed dention (6-12 yr)
Permanent teeth appear few months earlier in females

3rd molar appears first(lower left side)
3rd molar absent(elongaation of ramus)
Permanent molars are superadded teeth others are successive permanent teeth

39
Q

Gustafson’s method of agr determination

A

Changes in longitudinal section of the tooth with age

40
Q

Changes in Gustafson’s method

A

Attribution by mastication(teeth destroy due to chewing)
Periodontosis(regression of gums)
Secondary dentine deposition(pulp cavity)
Cementum apposition(thickening of cementum)
Root resorption
Root transparency

41
Q

Methods of age determination from teeth after 25 yrs

A 
Gustafson's method
Mile's method (root transparency)
Boyde's method (addition to neonatal line on enamel)(infants)
Stack's method (height+ wt of teeth)
Old age(resorption of alveolar margin)
42
Q

Attribution by mastication A0-A3

A

Nil
Attribution upto enamel
Attribution upto dentine
Pulp exposed

43
Q

Periodontosis

A

No root exposed
1/3 root
1/3-2/3 root
More than 2/3 root

44
Q

Secondary dentine deposition

A

Nil
Upper part (lower jaw)
Half of pulp
Whole pulp

45
Q

Cementum apposition

A

Normal
Slightly more
Thick layer
Heavy layer

46
Q

Root resoption

A

Nil
Some spots
Over larger areas
More extensive

47
Q

Root transparency

A

Nil
Just noticable
Upto1/3rd apical area
Upto 2/3rd apical area

48
Q

Medicolegal aspects of teeth

A 
Identification
Bite marks
Saliva stains
Dislocation /tooth fracture
Heavy metal poisoning detected
Artificial denture lead death(suffocation/choking)
49
Q

Age determination by height and weight

A

Hess’s rule
Upto 5th month gestation, legth of foetus in cm is square of month of gestation
Beyond 5 month length, legth in cm is 5 times the month of gestation

50
Q

Medicolegal aspect of age

A 
Criminal responsibility
Consent
Judicial punishment
Competency as a witness
Attainment of majority
Eligibility of employment
Marriage
Kidnapping
Rape
Impotence and sterility
Criminal abortion
Infanticide
Identification
51
Q

Anthropometry( bertillons system

A 
Complexion
Facial features
Photographs
Body pecularity
Body measurement
52
Q

Body measurement in anthropometry

A 
Standing height
Sitting height
Distance bt middle finger (stretched hands)
Length and breadth of head
Width of face
Length and width of right ear
Length of left forearm
Length of left hand
Length of left middle finger
Length of left little finger
Length of left foot
53
Q

Types of finger prints

A

Arch
Loop
Whorl
Composite / compound

Foriensic Medicine (10 decks)

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