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Foriensic Medicine > Identification > Flashcards

Identification Flashcards

1
Q

Identification is necessary in

A 
Living person
Recently dead
Decomposed body
Mutilated + burnt bodies
Skeleton
Criminal cases 
Civil cases
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2
Q

Criminal cases include

A 
Assault
Murder
Rape
Newborn interchange
Impersonation
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3
Q

Civil cases

A 
Marriage
Inheritance
Passport
Insurance claims
Disputed sex
Missing persons
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4
Q

Visual identification is difficult in cases of

A 
Fires
Explosion
Advanced decomposition
Mutilation
Aircraft accident
Earthquake
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5
Q

Corpus delicti (body of offence / essence of crime)

A

Facts of any criminal offence

Indicates death by unlawful violence / foul play /fatal injuries

Focuses on establishment of identity

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6
Q

Identification data include

A 
Race /religion
Sex
Age
General development/ stature
Complexion/features
External pecularities
Anthropometric measurements
Finger/ foot prints
Teeth
Personal effects
Handwriting
Speech and voice
Gait(manner + habit)
Memory + education
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7
Q

Race can be determined by

A 
Complexion
Eyes
Hair
Clothes
Skeleton(cephalic index)
Brachial index
Crural index
Humero-femoral index
Intermembral index
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8
Q

Cephalic index

A

Index of breadth

Maximum breadth of skull/ maximum length of skull *100

By calipers between both parietal eminences + glabella and external occipital protuberance

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9
Q

Types of skull on the basis of cephalic index

A

Caucasian
Mongolian
Negro

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10
Q

Caucasian skull features

A 
Completely straigth lower face (orthognathism)
Rounded skull
Triangular orbits
Elongated nasal aperture
Very sharp nasal sill
Triangular palate
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11
Q

Mongolian features

A 
Malar + midnasal area (ant. Projection)
Flatter facial skeleton
Square skull
Rounded orbits
Rounded nasal aperture
Rounded palate
Limbs similar
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12
Q

Negro features

A 
Facial prognathism
Narrow elongated skull
Square orbit
Broad nasal aperture
Guttered nasal sill
Rectangular palate
Longer limbs
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13
Q

3 types of skull based on cephalic index

A

Dolico cephalic /long headed (70-75)
Mesati cephalic /medium headed (75-80)
Brachy cephalic /short headed (80-85)

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14
Q

Specific features of muslim males

A

Circumcised

Marks of corns + callosities on lateral knees and feet

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15
Q

Sex determination done in cases of

A 
Heirship
Marriage
Divorce
Legitimacy
Impotence
Rape
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16
Q

Sex determination is difficult in cases of

A

Hermaphroditism
Concealed sex
Advanced decomposition
Skeleton

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17
Q

Types of identification

A

Complete

Incomplete

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18
Q

Medicolegal dictum

A

In all medicolegal reports, 2 complete identification marks so as to confirm in subsequent examination.

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19
Q

Best system for identification

A

Dactylography
Teeth (dental status)

DNA fingerprinting yet to be recognised as evidence by courts

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20
Q

Brachial index

A

Length of radius/length of humerus*100

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21
Q

Crural index

A

Length of tibia/length of femur *100

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22
Q

Humero-femoral index

A

Lenth of humerus/length of femur*100

23
Q

Intermembral index

A

Legnth of radius + humerus/ length of tibia+femur *100

24
Q

Signs of sex classification

A

Positive /confirmatory
Probable
Presumptive

25
Positive /confirmatory signs of sex
Functional testes/ ovaries Nuclear sexing Chromosome pattern studies
26
Probable signs of sex determination
``` Penis + scrotal sac Vagina+ breasts Muscularity (M) Subcutaneuos fat (F) Facial hair Pubic hair pattern ```
27
Presumptive signs for sex determination
``` Facial features Hair length More carrying angle (F) Round and full buttocks(F) Conical thighs (F) ```
28
Sex determination in mutilated body
``` Demonstration of uterus/prostate Pesumptive signs Nuclear sexing(upto 2 weeks) Tooth pulp (upto 5 weeks) Bones ```
29
Nuclear sexing
Sex determination by Study of nucleus in non dividing cells of body. Barr body in females (chromatin positive person) H&E compact, plano convex-mass (periphery) Davidson body PMN cells (drumstick like projection) (lobe of nucleus)
30
Intersex states
``` Gonadal agenesis Gonadal dysgenesis Ovarian(Turner's) Testicular( Klinefelter's) Hermaphrodite ```
31
Turner's syndrome features (Noonan's syndrome with no gonadal dysgenesis)
``` 44+XO (chromosome negative male) Sexual infantalism Short stature Congenital abnormalities Webbed neck Cubitus valgus Coarctation of aorta Colour blindness Septal defects Renal defects Refractive defects Diabetes ```
32
Klinefelter's syndrome features
``` Testicular dysgenesis 44+XXY(47/48/49) Chromatin positive like females Sexual infantalism Gynaecomastia Eunuchoid features ```
33
Types of true hermaphrodite
Bilateral Unilateral Lateral
34
Pseudo hermaphrodite(false/spurious)
Male pseudo hermaphrodite Female pseudo hermaphrodite Transverse hermaphrodite
35
Determination of age
Teeth (dental stature) Height +wt Changes in puberty / old age Bones
36
Age determination by teeth
Type (permanent/temporary) No. Of teeth erupted Root calcification
37
Germination of teeth
Milk teeth 4-5 months intra uterine life Permanent just before birth
38
Pecularity of teeth eruption
``` Starts 6months In syphilis teeth present at birth Malnutrition delay eruption Mixed dention (6-12 yr) Permanent teeth appear few months earlier in females ``` 3rd molar appears first(lower left side) 3rd molar absent(elongaation of ramus) Permanent molars are superadded teeth others are successive permanent teeth
39
Gustafson's method of agr determination
Changes in longitudinal section of the tooth with age
40
Changes in Gustafson's method
Attribution by mastication(teeth destroy due to chewing) Periodontosis(regression of gums) Secondary dentine deposition(pulp cavity) Cementum apposition(thickening of cementum) Root resorption Root transparency
41
Methods of age determination from teeth after 25 yrs
``` Gustafson's method Mile's method (root transparency) Boyde's method (addition to neonatal line on enamel)(infants) Stack's method (height+ wt of teeth) Old age(resorption of alveolar margin) ```
42
Attribution by mastication A0-A3
Nil Attribution upto enamel Attribution upto dentine Pulp exposed
43
Periodontosis
No root exposed 1/3 root 1/3-2/3 root More than 2/3 root
44
Secondary dentine deposition
Nil Upper part (lower jaw) Half of pulp Whole pulp
45
Cementum apposition
Normal Slightly more Thick layer Heavy layer
46
Root resoption
Nil Some spots Over larger areas More extensive
47
Root transparency
Nil Just noticable Upto1/3rd apical area Upto 2/3rd apical area
48
Medicolegal aspects of teeth
``` Identification Bite marks Saliva stains Dislocation /tooth fracture Heavy metal poisoning detected Artificial denture lead death(suffocation/choking) ```
49
Age determination by height and weight
Hess's rule Upto 5th month gestation, legth of foetus in cm is square of month of gestation Beyond 5 month length, legth in cm is 5 times the month of gestation
50
Medicolegal aspect of age
``` Criminal responsibility Consent Judicial punishment Competency as a witness Attainment of majority Eligibility of employment Marriage Kidnapping Rape Impotence and sterility Criminal abortion Infanticide Identification ```
51
Anthropometry( bertillons system
``` Complexion Facial features Photographs Body pecularity Body measurement ```
52
Body measurement in anthropometry
``` Standing height Sitting height Distance bt middle finger (stretched hands) Length and breadth of head Width of face Length and width of right ear Length of left forearm Length of left hand Length of left middle finger Length of left little finger Length of left foot ```
53
Types of finger prints
Arch Loop Whorl Composite / compound

Foriensic Medicine (10 decks)

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