Ideal Posture

Question 1

ideal alignment places the LoG where?

Answer 1

• through external auditory meatus
• midway through shoulder
• slightly posterior to center of hip joint
• slightly anterior to axis of knee joint
• slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 2

what type of external moment is seen at the ankle joint?

Answer 2

dorsiflexion

Question 3

what type of internal moment is seen at the ankle joint?

Answer 3

plantarflexion

Question 4

do any passive structures contribute to the ankle’s internal moment?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what active structures contribute to the ankle’s internal moment?

Answer 5

active contraction of soleus with contribution from gastroc

Question 6

what type of external moment is seen at the knee joint?

Answer 6

extension

Question 7

what type of internal moment is seen at the knee joint?

Answer 7

flexion

Question 8

how does the internal moment at the knee joint prevent knee hyperextension?

Answer 8

• passive tension of posterior joint capsule and associated ligaments
• active contraction of hamstrings and gastroc

Question 9

what type of external moment is seen at the hip joint?

Answer 9

extension

Question 10

at times, postural sway may cause LoG at the hip to pass ____ and create an external ____ moment

Answer 10

• anterior

- flexion

Question 11

what type of internal moment is seen at the hip joint?

Answer 11

flexion

Question 12

what creates the internal moment at the hip joint?

Answer 12

• passive tension of hip ligaments

- active contraction of iliopsoas

Question 13

LoG passes through the body of L5, causing a slight ____ moment and ____ force

Answer 13

• extension

- shear

Question 14

what structures oppose the shear force at the lumbosacral joint?

Answer 14

• anterior longitudinal ligament
• iliolumbar ligament
• facet joint approximation

Question 15

what type of external moment is seen at the head and neck?

Answer 15

flexion of c-spine

Question 16

what type of internal moment is seen at the head and neck?

Answer 16

extension of c-spine

Question 17

what creates the internal moment at the head and neck?

Answer 17

• passive tension of ligamentum nuchae, tectorial membrane, and posterior facet joint capsules
• active contraction of cervical extensors

Question 18

where is the midline found in ideal standing posture (posterior view)?

Answer 18

head, spine, feet evenly spaced

Question 19

how are the scapulae oriented in ideal standing posture (posterior view)?

Answer 19

• scapulae lie flat on thorax
• approx. b/w T2 and T7
• approx. 4 in apart

Question 20

shoulder ipsilateral to handedness is often ____

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

alignment of knees in ideal standing posture (anterior view)

Answer 21

• patellae face directly forward

- slight physiological valgus

Question 22

alignment of ankles in ideal standing posture (anterior view)

Answer 22

• neutral

- not supinated or pronated

Question 23

alignment of feet in ideal standing posture (anterior view)

Answer 23

• heels separated by about 3 in

- out-toeing 8-10 degrees

Question 24

ASIS should be ____ in ideal standing posture (anterior view)

Answer 24

in line