ID pharm lectures Flashcards
what is the antimalaria drug?
chloroquine
what are the two CYP34A drugs?
isoniazid (TB) and chloroquine sulfate (malaria)
what are 3 side effects of chloroquine sulfate?
- reduced hearing
- retinopathy
- corneal opacities
explain the saftey margin of cholorquine sulfate used for malaria?
narrow saftey margin
what are the toxicities of cholorquine you see when outside of the narrow safety margin?
- hypotension
- arrhythmia
- convulsions
- coma
is cholorquine effective for liver stage parasites?
NOPE!
where is iodoquinol effective?
in the bowel lumen only so systemic absorption is not beneificial
what can metronidazole be used to treat?
c. diff infections
what are two things you need to keep in mind when using metronidazole?
- metallic taste so warn the patient
2. causes DISULFRAM RXN when used with ethanol
when should the antihelminth medendazole not be used?
in 1st trimester of pregnancy
what percent of the oral antihelminth medendazole is absorbed?
less than 10% of the oral dose is absorbed
what are the twoantiamebacides?
iodoquinol
metronidazole
what is the drug class for iodoquinol?
halogenated hydroxyquinolone antiamebacide
what is the drug class for metronidazole?
nitroimadazole antibiotic antiamebacide
what are the two antihelmintic drugs?
- mebendazole
2. praziquantel
what should you educate your patients about who you prescribe permethrin?
tx may temporarily increase the itching because as the scabies die their breakdown cause increase itching
where should permethrin be used?
externally topical use only!
what eGFR should you not use nitrofurantoin below?
less that 60 ml/min
what is the name of the drug that is a anti-pediculosis and anti-scabicide drug?
permethrin
what is the name of the drug that is a urinary antiseptic?
nitrofurantoin
what drug is on the BEERs list inapropriate for elderly patients?
nitrofuratoin
what is the half life of nitrofuratoin?
20-60 mins
what is the name of the 3 nucleoside drugs?
- acyclovir
- famcyclovir
- valcyclovir
when should you begin acyclovir for a varicella rash in an immunocomprimised patient?
within 24 hours of the rash
when should you give acyclovir within for a zoster rash?
within 72 hours of the rash
what is valcyclovir?
prodrug that is metabolized to acyclovir with 3-5x greater serum concentration of acyclovir
what are the two drugs that are used for influenza A and are a M2 pump inhibitor?
amantadine
rimantadine
what does amatadine contraindicated in psychosis?
because it relates to its dopamine effect
Rimantidine is _____ times more active than amantadine
Rimantidine is 2-8x times more active than amantadine
what are the two neuridase inhibitors?
oseltamivir
zanamivir
what two drugs are used for the treatment and prophylaxsis of influenza A AND B?
oseltamivir
zanamivir
when should you start osteltamivir?
within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms
what is the DOC for influenza?
oseltamivir
who is zanamir contraindicated in? why?
those with underlying respiratory disease because it is an inhaled powder
how is zanamir administrated? who does this pose a problem for?
admistered in diskus in powder
difficult for elderly and those with respiratory condition
when do you use zanamivir?
for ostelamivir resistance
what is ribvarin usually combined with?
peglated interferon 2A
what drug is a tetragen and therefore should not be used in pregnancy?
ribavarin
explain the pregancy testing done for a patient taking ribavarin?
must be tested before
every month during
and for 6 months after administration of the drug
what are the 6 HIV drugs?
- lamivudine
- delavirdine
- darunavir
- enfuvirtide
- marviroc
- raltegravir
what is the antihepatitis B drug?
lamivudine
what is the antihepatitis B or C drug (used for both)
pegylated interferon alfa 2a
what are the 3 antihepatitis C drugs?
- ribavirin
- sofosbuvir
- ledipasvir and sofosbuvir
what happens with chronic use of lamivudine?
resistance goes up in chronic use
where does the new antihepatitis drugs leave the use for pegylated interferon alfa 2a/
newer drugs will probally cause for very little need for interferon for Hep C tx now
what virus does sofosbuvir + (rabavirin OR peg interferon) treat?
chronic Hepatitis genotype 1, 2, 3, 4
what virus does sofosbuvir + ledipasvir treat?
chronic hepatitis genotype 1
what is a contrindication when using sofosbuvir? why?
don’t use with AMIODARONE
severe risk of bradycardia
is sofobuvir a tetragen? so what must you do?
yes it is! category X
must test before
every month during
and 6 months after
what is the problem with using both sofosbuvir or a drug with it in it? does it make it realistic?
ITS SO FREAKING EXPENSIVE!!! can cause $35,000 for a month so its not realistic to use for most patients but might become important down the road
what are the two anti-TB drugs?
- rifampin
2. isoniazid
what can rifampin cause on a urine test?
false positive urine test
what test blood tests can rifampin interfere with?
B12 and folate
why isnt’ rifampin used alone?
causes rapid resistance
what color can the secretions of the pt turn after taking rifampin?
RED-ORANGE
what TB drug can be used to treat latent TB as well as active?
isoniazid
what TB drug is CYP34A?
isoniazid
what can rifampin do to the levels of ASA or clopidigrel?
INCREASE ASA
decrease clopidigrel
what does someone taking isoniazid need to have monitored?
opthalmic exam
what can isoniazid cause for a false positive urine test?
false positive urine glucose
what needs to be given to a patient with high risk of peripheral neuropathy and anemia if taking isoniazid?
concomitant PYRIDOXINE (B6)
