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Unit 1 ID+LC > ID Intro > Flashcards

ID Intro Flashcards

1
Q

3 variables affecting development of infection and disease

A
  1. Host
  2. Environment
  3. Agent
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2
Q

Gram stain fxn

- how do G + and - look?

A

Differentiates Gram + from Gram - bacteria

Gram Positive

  • large peptidoglycan layer (up to 90% of cell wall)
  • holds the dye
  • Purple

Gram Neg

  • thin peptidoglycan layer
  • Pink
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3
Q

Two main bacteria in each group

  1. GPC
  2. GPR
  3. GNC
  4. GNR
A

Gram + cocci (GPC)

  1. Staph
  2. Strep

Gram + rods (GPR)

  1. Listeria
  2. Clostridium

Gram - cocci (GNC)

  1. Neisseria
  2. Moraxella

Gram - rods (GNR)

  1. E. coli
  2. Pseudomonas
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4
Q

How are infectious agents recognized by the immune system?

A

Security against a particular disease

Use PRR to Recognize MAMPS and DAMPS

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5
Q

What unique properties are found only in Gram + and only in Gram -

A

Gram + : teichoic acid
(found in thick cell wall/cell membrane)

Gram - : Endotoxin/LPS
(a lipopolysaccharide found w/in outer membrane, outside of thin peptido wall)

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6
Q

Non staining organisms with no cell wall.

List some others.

A
  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Chlamydia
    ____________
    Other:
    Legionella (poor)
    Mycobacteria
    Spirochetes
    Rickettsia
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7
Q

Lactose fermenting GNR

A 
#1 E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Arizona
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8
Q

Classic Non lactose fermentting GNR

A

Pseudomonas aerugonosa

Salmonella

Shigella

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9
Q

Gram neg Cocci

GNC

A

Neisseria sp

  • gonorrheae
  • meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Acinetobacter

(can be present after everything has been killed)

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10
Q

GPC
Pairs/clusters

Pairs/Chains

Pairs

Which ones are catalase +?

A

Pairs/clusters
- staph

Pairs/Chains
- strep

Pairs
- either

Staph is cat +, strep is -

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11
Q

Which of the staph is coag + and -?

A

+ : S. aureus

  • : S. epidermidis, saprophyticus, lugdane
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12
Q

GPR
small
large

A

small:
*Listeria (preggos at risk)
Diphteroids

Large:
*Clostridium sp.
bacillus

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13
Q

Sources of anaerobes

A

Normal flora are often anaerobes

  1. oral
  2. lung
  3. intestines
  4. Female GU

3% of + blood culture

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14
Q

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR):

  1. Transmembrane (surface)
  2. Cytosolic
  3. Extracellular
A

Transmembrane (surface)
- TLRs

Cytosolic
- NOD, TLR

Extracellular
- CD14, LBP

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15
Q

Noninfectious fever

A

The C-C-C-C-C-Causes

  1. Cancer
  2. Chemicals
  3. Collagen vascular
  4. Clot
  5. Central fever
  6. Consider
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16
Q

Cell wall synthesis is target for which drugs?

A

B lactams (PCN, Ceph)

Glycopeptides (bacitracin, vanco)

17
Q

Cell membrane is target for which drugs?

A

Polymyxins

18
Q

Outer membrane regulates what 3 things?

A

B lactamases
Permeability
Efflux

19
Q

Steps of gram staining

A
  1. Heat slide (kill and bind bact)
  2. Crystal violet (stain)
  3. Iodine (mordant that binds the crystal violet to Gram + cell wall)
  4. Decolorizer (acetone alcohol to remove stain from G- cells)
  5. Safrinin (counterstain)
20
Q

Coagulase + staphylococci

21
Q

Bacteria associated with endocarditis (4)

A
  1. S. viridans
  2. enterococcus
  3. S. aureus
  4. S. pneumoniae
22
Q

Bacteria associated with meningitis (4)

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. N. meningitidis
  3. Listeria
  4. H. influenzae
23
Q

5th sign of inflammation

A

functio laesa

- impaired fxn

24
Q

Techoic acid and Endotoxin/LPS are found in which bacteria?

A

Teichoic acid:
- GP

Endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane)
- GN

25
Fxn of Teichoic acid
Induces TNF and IL-1 | - Found in GP
26
Which drugs have high oral bioavailability?
Quinolones TMP/SMX Metronidazole
27
True / False Infxs dis can be acute or chronic Infxs dis are NOT always contagious Colonization is NOT equal to disease
True to all
28
Bacteremia is typically caused by which org?
Staph! its bad ~ 100% - if S. epi is present, its prob just a contaminant.

Unit 1 ID+LC (32 decks)

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