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Unit 1 ID+LC > ID Intro > Flashcards

ID Intro Flashcards

1
Q

3 variables affecting development of infection and disease

A
  1. Host
  2. Environment
  3. Agent
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2
Q

Gram stain fxn

- how do G + and - look?

A

Differentiates Gram + from Gram - bacteria

Gram Positive

  • large peptidoglycan layer (up to 90% of cell wall)
  • holds the dye
  • Purple

Gram Neg

  • thin peptidoglycan layer
  • Pink
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3
Q

Two main bacteria in each group

  1. GPC
  2. GPR
  3. GNC
  4. GNR
A

Gram + cocci (GPC)

  1. Staph
  2. Strep

Gram + rods (GPR)

  1. Listeria
  2. Clostridium

Gram - cocci (GNC)

  1. Neisseria
  2. Moraxella

Gram - rods (GNR)

  1. E. coli
  2. Pseudomonas
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4
Q

How are infectious agents recognized by the immune system?

A

Security against a particular disease

Use PRR to Recognize MAMPS and DAMPS

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5
Q

What unique properties are found only in Gram + and only in Gram -

A

Gram + : teichoic acid
(found in thick cell wall/cell membrane)

Gram - : Endotoxin/LPS
(a lipopolysaccharide found w/in outer membrane, outside of thin peptido wall)

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6
Q

Non staining organisms with no cell wall.

List some others.

A
  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Chlamydia
    ____________
    Other:
    Legionella (poor)
    Mycobacteria
    Spirochetes
    Rickettsia
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7
Q

Lactose fermenting GNR

A 
#1 E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Arizona
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8
Q

Classic Non lactose fermentting GNR

A

Pseudomonas aerugonosa

Salmonella

Shigella

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9
Q

Gram neg Cocci

GNC

A

Neisseria sp

  • gonorrheae
  • meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Acinetobacter

(can be present after everything has been killed)

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10
Q

GPC
Pairs/clusters

Pairs/Chains

Pairs

Which ones are catalase +?

A

Pairs/clusters
- staph

Pairs/Chains
- strep

Pairs
- either

Staph is cat +, strep is -

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11
Q

Which of the staph is coag + and -?

A

+ : S. aureus

  • : S. epidermidis, saprophyticus, lugdane
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12
Q

GPR
small
large

A

small:
*Listeria (preggos at risk)
Diphteroids

Large:
*Clostridium sp.
bacillus

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13
Q

Sources of anaerobes

A

Normal flora are often anaerobes

  1. oral
  2. lung
  3. intestines
  4. Female GU

3% of + blood culture

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14
Q

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR):

  1. Transmembrane (surface)
  2. Cytosolic
  3. Extracellular
A

Transmembrane (surface)
- TLRs

Cytosolic
- NOD, TLR

Extracellular
- CD14, LBP

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15
Q

Noninfectious fever

A

The C-C-C-C-C-Causes

  1. Cancer
  2. Chemicals
  3. Collagen vascular
  4. Clot
  5. Central fever
  6. Consider
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16
Q

Cell wall synthesis is target for which drugs?

A

B lactams (PCN, Ceph)

Glycopeptides (bacitracin, vanco)

17
Q

Cell membrane is target for which drugs?

A

Polymyxins

18
Q

Outer membrane regulates what 3 things?

A

B lactamases
Permeability
Efflux

19
Q

Steps of gram staining

A
  1. Heat slide (kill and bind bact)
  2. Crystal violet (stain)
  3. Iodine (mordant that binds the crystal violet to Gram + cell wall)
  4. Decolorizer (acetone alcohol to remove stain from G- cells)
  5. Safrinin (counterstain)
20
Q

Coagulase + staphylococci

A

S. aureus

21
Q

Bacteria associated with endocarditis (4)

A
  1. S. viridans
  2. enterococcus
  3. S. aureus
  4. S. pneumoniae
22
Q

Bacteria associated with meningitis (4)

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. N. meningitidis
  3. Listeria
  4. H. influenzae
23
Q

5th sign of inflammation

A

functio laesa

- impaired fxn

24
Q

Techoic acid and Endotoxin/LPS are found in which bacteria?

A

Teichoic acid:
- GP

Endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane)
- GN

25
Q

Fxn of Teichoic acid

A

Induces TNF and IL-1

- Found in GP

26
Q

Which drugs have high oral bioavailability?

A

Quinolones
TMP/SMX
Metronidazole

27
Q

True / False
Infxs dis can be acute or chronic

Infxs dis are NOT always contagious

Colonization is NOT equal to disease

A

True to all

28
Q

Bacteremia is typically caused by which org?

A

Staph! its bad
~ 100%

  • if S. epi is present, its prob just a contaminant.

Unit 1 ID+LC (32 decks)

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