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Unit 1 ID+LC > Herpes > Flashcards

Herpes Flashcards

1
Q

alpha herpes virus

A

HSV, VZV

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2
Q

beta herpes virus

A

CMV, HHV6, 7

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3
Q

gamma herpes virus

A

EBV

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4
Q

How can lytic herpes lytic replication result in transmisison?

A

Active disease or

Asymptomatic shedding

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5
Q

Lytic replication in permissive cells is ______

A

cytopathic = kills cells –> disease

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6
Q

Small subset of viral genes expressed but NO infxous particles are produced

A

latency

*reactivation of latent infxn is source of majority of symptomatic disease

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7
Q

ALpha:

Establish latent infxn in _____ of PNS , primarily in _____ nerve ganglia

A

neurons of PNS

sensory

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8
Q

Beta:

establish latent infxns in _____ lineage and ____ cells

A

myeloid and endothelial cells

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9
Q

gamma:

establish latency in ____ cells, capable of transforming these cells, which are important bc:

A

B cells,
endothelial cells

transforming cells: capable of giving rise to cancer

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10
Q

Herpes lytic replication cycle

A

translation:

  1. Immediate early: transcribed soon after virus entry
    - set up conductive environment for viral rep to occur
    - needed for subseq expression of E and L genes
  2. Early
    - encode replication enzymes and non structural proteins
  3. Late
    expression
    - encode viral proteins needed for assembly and egress (get out of cell)
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11
Q

Viral glycoproteins mediate ____. Are targets of _____.

A
  1. cellular tropism

2. targets of adaptive immune response

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12
Q

Which if the herpes virus are spread by respiratory secretions?

A

VZV

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13
Q

Big herpes virus to worry about with transplants

A

CMV

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14
Q

genome replication rolling circle replication

A
  1. Nick on 1 strand
  2. 5’–>3’ : template for replication
    “rolling circle replication”
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15
Q

tx for alpha viruses and beta viruses

A

A: acyclovir
- uses viral thymidine kinase to make drug active *phosphorylated

A+B: gancyclovir

  • beta viruses do not have viral TK so acyclovir wont work
  • gancyclovir makes a kinase able to do first phosphorylation step
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16
Q

Cidofovir

A

*cidofovir and foscarnet work downstream of phosphorylation: more side effects

17
Q

Foscarnet

A

*cidofovir and foscarnet work downstream of phosphorylation: more side effects

18
Q

Intranuclear capsidation

A

scaffold proteins transported in form cytoplasm

  1. procapsid Assembly around scaffold protein
  2. Becomes mature capsid
  3. DNA with cleavage/packaging proteins stored in mature capside –> encapsidation

*see image

19
Q

Intranuclear histology:
acidophilic
basophilic

A
  1. Acidophilic:
    Cowdry type A
    - (HSV, VZV)
  2. Basophilic:
    Owl eyes
    - (CMV)
20
Q

Innate and adaptive immune response to herpes virus

A
  1. Innate immune response
    - IFN/cytokine production
    - NK cell activities
  2. Adaptive immune response
    - neutralizing antibodies
    - CD4+ and CD8+ T cell fxn

*herpes virus can counter each of these

21
Q

Papules are formed from:

Vesicles are formed from:

A

Cells at/above basal layer are infected and lyse –> inflammatory response –>
Papule

Lysis of cells with resultant cytokines –> inflammation –> fluid production –>
Vesicle

22
Q

Which HSV is above the belt and which below the belt?

A

Type I: above belt

Type II: below the belt
- unless its oral-genital contact

23
Q

Typical skin lesions of VZV occurs when?

A

when immune response develops

- 10-21 days

24
Q

Varicella ascends in ______ nerves from the skin and remains in _____ ganglia for life

A

sensory nerves

sensory ganglia

25
Q

tx for herpes zoster

A

acyclovir (within 3-4 days of outbreak)

26
Q

Why will VZV reactivate more easily in elderly?

A

T cell mediated immunity declines wiht age

Immunosuppression

27
Q

CMV can remain latent in which cells?

A

CD34+ bone marrow progenitors

Endothelial cells

28
Q

Childhood CMV can occur how?

A
  1. Maternal shedding
    - birth canal (last trimester)
    - Milk
29
Q

How to differentiate between CMV and EBV?

A

CMV: monospot -

EBV:
monospot +

30
Q

dz of CMV

A

IgM anti-CMV antibody

or
PCR for CMV DNA from tissue

31
Q

therapy for disseminated CMV

A

ganciclovir (not acyclovir)

resistant virus- tx with Foscarnet

32
Q

Roseola is cause by:

Rubella is caused by:

Rubeola is caused by:

A

Roseola (exanthem subitum) is cause by:
- HHV6+7

Rubella (German measles) is caused by:
- Rubella virus (togavirus)

Rubeola (measles) is caused by:
- paramyxovirus

33
Q

CLinical sign of roseola (HHV 6+7)

A

Rash appears as FEVER ENDS abruptly

  • High fever (104F) for 3-7 days, but looks good otherwise
  • febrile seizures possible
34
Q

How to differentiate betwn acute and latent infxn of EBV

A

Acute infxn:
Ab against -
1. viral capsid antigen (VCA)
2. Early antigan (EA)

Latent:
1. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)

35
Q

EBNA1

EBNA2

A

EBNA1: links viral genome to cellular chromosomes

EBNA2: turns on other viral latent genes and a range of cellular activation-associated genes including c-myc

*closely linked to cancer

36
Q

Mononucleosis syndrome

A
  1. atypical lymphocytes
    - activated T cells killing B cells
    - heterophile Ab test - kill sheep cells?
  2. Fever, malase, fatigue
  3. Adenopathy
  4. Pharyngitis
  5. Hepatosplenomegaly
37
Q

EBV associated malignancy

A
  1. post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
    - lose Cytotoxic T cell response limiting activated B cell blast
  2. Burkitt lymphoma
  3. B cell lymphoma
  4. Leiomyosarcoma
  5. Hodgkin lymphoma
  6. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
38
Q

Do the majority of indiv with EBV infections experience symptoms?

A

No

- no noticeable symptoms or complications

Unit 1 ID+LC (32 decks)

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