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Pediatrics > ID > Flashcards

ID Flashcards

1
Q

common bacteria in 0-1 month

A

GBS
Ecoli
Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

how to treat a 0-1 month with antibiotics

A

ampicillin +

gentamicin/cefotaxime

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3
Q

common bacteria in 1-3 months

A

GBS
streptococcus pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

how to treat 1-3 months with antibiotics

A

ampicillin +

cefotaxime (+vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)

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5
Q

common bacteria in 3months - 3 years

A

strep. pneumoniae
h.influenza type B
neisseria meningitidis

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6
Q

how to treat 3months- 3 years with antibiotics

A

cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

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7
Q

common bacteria in 3yrs - adult

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

neisseria meningitidis

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8
Q

how to treat 3yrs- adults with antibiotics

A

cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)

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9
Q

criteria for low risk for serious bacterial infections

wbc, absolute band count, ua,

A

wbc - >5,

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10
Q

when to hospitalize kids w fever
neonate
infant

A

neonate - all
infant btw - 29 days and 3 months – toxic? suspect meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or bone and soft tissue infections unresponsive to oral antibiotics?
uncertain f/u

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11
Q

fever of unknown origin - meaning

A

fever that lasts 8days - 3 weeks

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12
Q

common causes of sinusitis

A

s. pneumoniae
h. influenza
m. catarrhalis

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13
Q

treatment of sinusitis

A

amoxicillin/ amoxicillin + clavulante, or second gen. cephalosporin

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14
Q

most common causes of pharyngitis

A

Coxsackie, EBV, CMV
strep pyogenes/
diphtheria

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15
Q

how does viral pharyngitis present?

A

URI symptoms

tonsilar exudates

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16
Q

EBV pharyngitis

A

enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes/malaise/hepatosplenomegaly

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17
Q

coxsackie virus pharyngitis presentation

A

painful vesicles or ulcers on the posterior pharynx and soft palate herpangina
might have blisters on hand-foot- soles (hand -foot- mouth disease)

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18
Q

GABHS-

A 
school age - 5-15
winter and spring
lack of URI
exudates on the tonsils 
petechiae on the soft palate 
strawberry tongue 
enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
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19
Q

diphteria presentation of pharyngitis

A

gray adherent tonsillar membranes

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20
Q

how to treat GABHS pharyngitis

A

penicillin
IM benzathine penicillin
if allergic: erythromycin or macrolides

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21
Q

how to treat diphtheria pharyngitis?

A

oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin

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22
Q

most common causes of otitis media

A

s.pneumoniae
non-typeable h. influenxae
moraxella

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23
Q

how to treat acute otitis media?

A

can use amoxicillin

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24
Q

pathogens of otitis externa

A

pseudomonas, staph

candida

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25
Q

when that OE happen?

A

when the patient perfs typmapnic membrane secondary to AOM

26
Q

diagnosis of OE

A

erythema and edema of the EAC
discharge
tender to palpation of the tragus
if refractory need culture

27
Q

parotitis- causes

A

mumps -

CMV/EBV/HIV

28
Q

bacterial parotitis presentations

A

unilateral parotid involvement
staph
s.pyogenes
TB

29
Q

how to diagnose mumps paratotitis

A

in the urine

30
Q

complications of mumps

A

meningoencephalitis, orchitis, epididymitis, pancreatitis

31
Q

impetigo

A 
staph
GAS
- honey-colored crusted 
- no fever
- infection is easily transmitted
no culture
mupirocin - or oral antibiotics like dicloxacillin
32
Q

erisipelas

A

skin infection involving the lymphatic
GABHS
tender erythematous skin with border on face and scalp

33
Q

complications of Erisipelas

A

bacteremia, post-strep glomerulonephritis, NEC fasciitis

34
Q

cellulitis

A

GABHS and staph
indistinct area or erythema
oral or IV antibiotics - 1st generation cephalosporin or anti-staph penicillin

35
Q

buccal cellulitis presentation

A

blue discoloration on the cheek of a young unimmunized child

36
Q

what causes buccal cellulitis?

A

HIB

37
Q

complications of buccal cellulitis

A

bacteremia and meningitis - so do a LP

38
Q

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

staph
fever, tender skin, bullae
nikolsky sign is present - extension of bullae when pressure is applied to the skin
good wound care and IV antibiotics

39
Q

scarlet fever - causes and presentation

A

GABHS
winter and spring
respiratory drople or by infected nasal secretion
rash might develop during any GABHS infection
before or during rash - fever, chills, malaise, exudative pharyngitis
on trunk and moves peripherally
erythematous skin with tiny skin-colored papules
sandpaper rash
pastia’s line - localized in skin creases
dequamation - as infection resolves

40
Q

managing scarlet fever

A

prevent rheumatic fever
penicillin
if allergy erythromycin or macrolides

41
Q

complications of GAHBS infections

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis –> hypertension and cola colored urine
rheumatic fecer
post-strep arthritis –> joint sympoms last for weeks
PANDAS - ocd SYMPTOMS OR TICS FOLLOWING INFECTION– ANTIBIOTICS PREVENTS THIS COMPLICATION

42
Q

criteria for TSS

A
  1. fever >103
  2. hypotension sbp GI, Myalgias, hyperemia ,pyuria, thrombocytopenia, CNS
  3. negative cultures of blood, CSF and pharynx
43
Q

viral causes for diahrrea

A

rotavirus– in winter

norwalk virus – fecal-oral route

44
Q

what is HUS

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome- do not treat with antibiotics - cause it might worsen and result in endotoxin release

45
Q

most common cause of bacterial bloody diarrhea in the US

A

campylobacter jejuni

46
Q

mesenteric adenitis - cuases

A

yersinia - might mimic acute appenditicits

47
Q

diarrhea infection where children might develop a seizure

A

shigella

48
Q

most common electrolyte abdnormality in diarrhea

A

non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

49
Q

classic prodrome of measles

A

cough
conjunctivitis
coryza

50
Q

kolik spots -

A

measles

enanthem seen on mucous membrane

51
Q

treatment of measels

A

vit. A

52
Q

measels associated with what virus

A

paramyxoviridae

53
Q

rubella associated with what virus

A

togavirus

54
Q

rubella presentation

A

mild and asymptomatic
painful lymphadenopathy
exanthem follows the adenopathy and it is non pruritic maculopapular rash
face to trunk and extremities

55
Q

presenting symptoms of prenatal rubella infection

A 
blueberry muffin baby
thrombocytopenia
hepatisplenomegaly
jaundice 
purpura 
patent ductus arteriosum 
sensorineural hearing loss
56
Q

how to treat ameba

A

metronidazole

57
Q

malaria presentation

A 
cyclical fevers and flulike prodrome - when the RBCs burst
hemolytic anemia 
splenomegaly 
jaundice
hypoglycemia
58
Q

triad of congenital toxo

A

hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications
chorioretinitis

59
Q

how to treat pinworm

A

mebenzazole

60
Q

hookworm clnical features

A

rash and pruritis at site of infection

iron-def. anemia

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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