ID Flashcards
common bacteria in 0-1 month
GBS
Ecoli
Listeria monocytogenes
how to treat a 0-1 month with antibiotics
ampicillin +
gentamicin/cefotaxime
common bacteria in 1-3 months
GBS
streptococcus pneumoniae
listeria monocytogenes
how to treat 1-3 months with antibiotics
ampicillin +
cefotaxime (+vancomycin if bacterial meningitis is suspected)
common bacteria in 3months - 3 years
strep. pneumoniae
h.influenza type B
neisseria meningitidis
how to treat 3months- 3 years with antibiotics
cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)
common bacteria in 3yrs - adult
streptococcus pneumoniae
neisseria meningitidis
how to treat 3yrs- adults with antibiotics
cefotaxime (+vacomycin if bacterial meningitis suspected)
criteria for low risk for serious bacterial infections
wbc, absolute band count, ua,
wbc - >5,
when to hospitalize kids w fever
neonate
infant
neonate - all
infant btw - 29 days and 3 months – toxic? suspect meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or bone and soft tissue infections unresponsive to oral antibiotics?
uncertain f/u
fever of unknown origin - meaning
fever that lasts 8days - 3 weeks
common causes of sinusitis
s. pneumoniae
h. influenza
m. catarrhalis
treatment of sinusitis
amoxicillin/ amoxicillin + clavulante, or second gen. cephalosporin
most common causes of pharyngitis
Coxsackie, EBV, CMV
strep pyogenes/
diphtheria
how does viral pharyngitis present?
URI symptoms
tonsilar exudates
EBV pharyngitis
enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes/malaise/hepatosplenomegaly
coxsackie virus pharyngitis presentation
painful vesicles or ulcers on the posterior pharynx and soft palate herpangina
might have blisters on hand-foot- soles (hand -foot- mouth disease)
GABHS-
school age - 5-15 winter and spring lack of URI exudates on the tonsils petechiae on the soft palate strawberry tongue enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes
diphteria presentation of pharyngitis
gray adherent tonsillar membranes
how to treat GABHS pharyngitis
penicillin
IM benzathine penicillin
if allergic: erythromycin or macrolides
how to treat diphtheria pharyngitis?
oral erythromycin or parenteral penicillin
most common causes of otitis media
s.pneumoniae
non-typeable h. influenxae
moraxella
how to treat acute otitis media?
can use amoxicillin
pathogens of otitis externa
pseudomonas, staph
candida
when that OE happen?
when the patient perfs typmapnic membrane secondary to AOM
diagnosis of OE
erythema and edema of the EAC
discharge
tender to palpation of the tragus
if refractory need culture
parotitis- causes
mumps -
CMV/EBV/HIV
bacterial parotitis presentations
unilateral parotid involvement
staph
s.pyogenes
TB
how to diagnose mumps paratotitis
in the urine
complications of mumps
meningoencephalitis, orchitis, epididymitis, pancreatitis
impetigo
staph GAS - honey-colored crusted - no fever - infection is easily transmitted no culture mupirocin - or oral antibiotics like dicloxacillin
erisipelas
skin infection involving the lymphatic
GABHS
tender erythematous skin with border on face and scalp
complications of Erisipelas
bacteremia, post-strep glomerulonephritis, NEC fasciitis
cellulitis
GABHS and staph
indistinct area or erythema
oral or IV antibiotics - 1st generation cephalosporin or anti-staph penicillin
buccal cellulitis presentation
blue discoloration on the cheek of a young unimmunized child
what causes buccal cellulitis?
HIB
complications of buccal cellulitis
bacteremia and meningitis - so do a LP
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
staph
fever, tender skin, bullae
nikolsky sign is present - extension of bullae when pressure is applied to the skin
good wound care and IV antibiotics
scarlet fever - causes and presentation
GABHS
winter and spring
respiratory drople or by infected nasal secretion
rash might develop during any GABHS infection
before or during rash - fever, chills, malaise, exudative pharyngitis
on trunk and moves peripherally
erythematous skin with tiny skin-colored papules
sandpaper rash
pastia’s line - localized in skin creases
dequamation - as infection resolves
managing scarlet fever
prevent rheumatic fever
penicillin
if allergy erythromycin or macrolides
complications of GAHBS infections
post-strep glomerulonephritis –> hypertension and cola colored urine
rheumatic fecer
post-strep arthritis –> joint sympoms last for weeks
PANDAS - ocd SYMPTOMS OR TICS FOLLOWING INFECTION– ANTIBIOTICS PREVENTS THIS COMPLICATION
criteria for TSS
- fever >103
- hypotension sbp GI, Myalgias, hyperemia ,pyuria, thrombocytopenia, CNS
- negative cultures of blood, CSF and pharynx
viral causes for diahrrea
rotavirus– in winter
norwalk virus – fecal-oral route
what is HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome- do not treat with antibiotics - cause it might worsen and result in endotoxin release
most common cause of bacterial bloody diarrhea in the US
campylobacter jejuni
mesenteric adenitis - cuases
yersinia - might mimic acute appenditicits
diarrhea infection where children might develop a seizure
shigella
most common electrolyte abdnormality in diarrhea
non-anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
classic prodrome of measles
cough
conjunctivitis
coryza
kolik spots -
measles
enanthem seen on mucous membrane
treatment of measels
vit. A
measels associated with what virus
paramyxoviridae
rubella associated with what virus
togavirus
rubella presentation
mild and asymptomatic
painful lymphadenopathy
exanthem follows the adenopathy and it is non pruritic maculopapular rash
face to trunk and extremities
presenting symptoms of prenatal rubella infection
blueberry muffin baby thrombocytopenia hepatisplenomegaly jaundice purpura patent ductus arteriosum sensorineural hearing loss
how to treat ameba
metronidazole
malaria presentation
cyclical fevers and flulike prodrome - when the RBCs burst hemolytic anemia splenomegaly jaundice hypoglycemia
triad of congenital toxo
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications
chorioretinitis
how to treat pinworm
mebenzazole
hookworm clnical features
rash and pruritis at site of infection
iron-def. anemia
