ICVA form 2 Flashcards
what is erythema multiforme? (dogs)
acute onset of erythematous skin lesions which may be bulls-eye shaped. most commonly drug-induced, especially by TMS
what is the most common type of IBD in cats?
lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis
what is the best tx for a cow with pyelonephritis?
IM PPG
what signs does renal neoplasm cause in birds?
coelomic distention, (unilateral) paralysis
who are the susceptible populations and what are the signs of vesicular stomatitis?
pretty much all species! including humans.
vesicular lesions / circular erosions can be seen esp at mucous membranes
rotavirus in pigs
watery to pasty diarrhea in very young piglets
what does clinical toxoplasmosis look like in a cat?
almost any organ can be affected… fever, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, icterus, seizures, and death
what is the tx for spirocerca lupi?
ivermectin
neuro lesions at which localizations would give you contralateral gait abnormalities?
cerebrum (diencephalon)
sometimes midbrain
that’s it
what type of organisms usually cause pyothorax in cats?
obligate anaerobes
how does polycystic kidney dz present in cats?
AKI with enlarged irregular kidneys
what do you feel first when preg checking a mare?
the chorionic vesicle
what does sulfadimethoxine treat?
coccidia
what is the first-line treatment for feline chin acne?
shave the area and apply benzoyl peroxide
what bacteria is the common culprit if RODS are seen on dog ear cytology?
pseuomonas aeruginosa
what % of mammary tumors are cancerous in cats? dogs?
90% in cats. 50% in dogs
what are you listening to at a horse’s right paralumbar fossa?
the cecum
what is the current management strategy for brucellosis in cattle?
test and cull
what is seen in piglets with Haemophilus parasuis AND in piglets with Strep suis?
- young piglets
- pleuritis, pericarditis, peritonitis
- polyarthritis / lameness
- fever, lethargy, dyspnea
who is affected by orf disease (contagious ecthyema), what are the signs, and what is the tx?
- goats and sheep
- crusted proliferative lesions on the lips
- self-limiting disease; monitor only
what does eimeria cause in young broiler chickens?
acute D+, intestinal dilation/inflammation, and bloody GI contents
what gait abnormality is seen in horses with stringhalt?
jerky hyperflexion of the hock, most obvious at the walk or when backing. (horse snaps hind leg up toward abdomen involuntarily)
what antibiotics are prohibited for use in food animals?
- chloramphenicol
- fluoroquinolones (EXCEPT enrofloxacin)
- DES
how long is the meat withdrawal period for gentamicin in cattle?
18 months
is diazepam safe for cats?
oral form - no, risk of acute fulminant hepatic necrosis (if want to use, check liver values in 5 days)
IV form - yes
what is habronemiasis in horses?
worms infiltrate cutaneous tissue via a small wound or mucous membrane, migrate locally and cause a chronic proliferative granulomatous lesion
where do dogs get Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infections from?
people!
What happens to horses with a large number of Anoplocephala perfoliata worms?
ileocecal intussusception
describe the appearance of each yeast
malassezia -
blastomyces -
cryptococcus -
histoplasma -
coccidioides -
aspergillus -
malassezia - footprints
blastomyces - broad-based budding
cryptococcus - large clear capsules
histoplasma - small with narrow-based budding
coccidioides - spherules with multiple endospores
aspergillus - branching fungal hyphae
what “toxo” causes visceral larval migrans and ocular larval migrans in people?
toxoCARA canis
what do brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause?
fatal coagulopathy due to Vit K antagonism (“superwarfarin”)
what medication is used to treat myasthenia gravis in dogs?
pyridostigmine
what can be seen with chlamydophilosis (= psittacosis = parrot fever) in birds?
anorexia, nasal discharge, dyspnea, lime green droppings, organomegaly
what is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the dog?
lymphoma
what causes infectious foot rot in sheep and how do you treat it?
Dichelobacter nodosus
foot baths with zinc sulfate for entire herd
what organism is most likely to cause anal sac infection?
e coli
what are the cytological factors of malignancy?
- prominent nucleoli
- increased nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio
- increased mitotic figures
- high cellularity (depending on type)
- cellular enlargement / anisocytosis
- anisokaryocytosis
why are cardiac and masseter muscles routinely inspected in slaughtered cattle?
to look for Taenia saginata infection (bovine cysticercosis)
at what gestation day can mineralized skeletons be seen radiographically in dogs?
day 42-45
what is the holding layer of the small intestine?
submucosa
what cestode causes hydatid cysts in people if eggs are eaten?
echinococcus granulosus
what is seen with UMN vs LMN bladder?
UMN is distended and difficult to express; LMN is distended and easy to express
what can cause an LMN bladder
Damage to the sacral spinal cord, pelvic nerve, and detrusor atony
what can cause an UMN bladder
Damage to the thoracolumbar spinal cord or disease of the cerebrum, cerebellum, or brain stem
what type of classification are horse and cat estrous cycles?
seasonally polyestrous
what antibiotic is often used in dairy cattle because there is NO milk withdrawal time?
ceftiofur
what signs are seen in a horse with navicular syndrome?
chronic bilateral forelimb lameness that worsens when circling toward the direction of the leg in question; mild reaction to hoof testers across the heels
what pattern of wear is usually seen in horse teeth?
sharper at the buccal surface of the upper teeth and lingual surface of the bottom teeth
what is the treatment for cows that have ingested organophosphate?
atropine
how long is the horse estrous cycle
21-22 days
what is the biggest predisposing factor for ATE in cats?
HCM
what pathogens are most associated with contagious mastitis and spread cow to cow by milking?
Strep agalactiae, Staph aureus, Mycoplasma
what does amprolium treat?
coccidia
what dewormers are currently used to treat H contortus?
ivermectin and levamisole
what medication is used to treat scaly leg mites in birds?
ivermectin
What % of cattle with BLV develop lymphoma?
0-5%
what growth plate is mostly likely to be affected, causing which type of angular limb deformity, when a growing puppy fractures its radius + ulna?
distal ulnar; carpal valgus
what is the treatment for Psoroptes cuniculi (rabbit ear mites)?
ivermectin or selamectin
when is purpura hemorrhagica seen and what are the signs?
after infection with or vaccination for strangles
vasculitis –> distal limb edema, petechiae
what dewormer can you NOT give to chelonians and crocodilians?
ivermectin
what breeding strategy helps reduce calf dystocias?
breed heifers to bulls with lower expected progeny differences (EPD) for birth weight
what condition in cats causes increased resonance on percussion of the chest?
pneumothorax
what is the most common clinical sign in horses with guttural pouch mycosis?
epistaxis
where does the suspensory ligament insert in horses?
the sesamoid bones behind the fetlock
what e-lyte derangements / acid-base disturbance are seen in the rupture of a foal’s urinary bladder?
hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia, acidosis
because the kidneys save sodium and pass potassium, so urine is high in K+ and low in Na+/Cl-
when bladder rupture occurs that fluid equilibrates with the serum
what clinical sign in horses do these 4 conditions have in common: vasculitis, liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease?
ventral edema
what is seen with clostridium perfringens type C in pigs?
distention of the jejunum with bloody contents and hemorrhagic wall
what paraneoplastic condition is associated with mastocytosis in the dog?
gastric hyperacidity
what enema should not be used in cats due to risk of e-lyte imbalance?
NaPO3 (sodium phosphate)
what organism is the most common agent of SQ abscesses in cats?
Pasteurella multocida
when in doubt for horse antibiotic treatment, what is your answer
penicillin
what is the best chemical for sterilizing surgical instruments?
ethylene oxide
what type of stabilization is used for fractures of the femur or humerus, for immobilization until surgery?
spica splint
why are cats with Type B blood harder to transfuse?
they are a small minority and they have naturally occurring anti-A antibodies so will have a reaction if given type A blood
what is dermatophilosis?
rain rot
