ICT in engineering/computer ethics & legal issues/components & functions of computer systems Flashcards
week 1,2 and 3
1
Q
what do we use mobile devices for?
A
texting messages, sending emails, gaming, shopping and learning online
2
Q
what does ict stand for
A
information communication technology
3
Q
what does information mean in ict
A
-knowledge obtained from studying, investigating, reading or researching.
the tools used to transmit information are telephone, television, radio, computer, phone.
-helps us fufill our daily tasks
4
Q
what does communication mean in ict
A
-act of transmitting messages, it is a process whereby information is exchanged between indviduals using symbols, signs or verbal interaction,
-communication helps us gain knowledge
5
Q
what is technology mean in ict
A
-use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that meet human needs
-important In communication
6
Q
what 2 components is ICT made of?
A
computer technology and communication technology
7
Q
why is ict useful in engineering?
A
- design new products/systems
-minimise cost
-minimise power consumption
-minimise time to market
-maximise yield
8
Q
what activities do engineers coordinate
A
-simulation
-modelling
-prototyping
-manufactoring
-testing
-installation
-project management
9
Q
what goals to engineers apply ICT to achieve
A
-eliminating flaws
-reducing variation
-minimising iterations
10
Q
what does engineering generally focus on?
A
-designing products /systems
-building
-testing
-commissioning
-decommissioning
11
Q
what role does ICT play in engineering
A
- enhancing delivery
- electronic communication
- creation of virtual prototypes
- analyses of stresses
-cost analysis
-improvement to efficiency
12
Q
what are the 3 legal issues
A
-computer misuse
- data protection
-intellectual property
13
Q
what legal issue is related to computer crime
A
computer misuse act 1990
14
Q
what legal issue is related to protecting personal data
A
data protection act 1998
15
Q
what are the 2 types of intellectual property
A
copyright and patents
16
Q
what is the definition of computer crime
A
-a crime involving computers and network
- can be defined as the unlawful acts whereby the computer is either a tool or target or both
17
Q
who can computer criminals be?
A
-authorised employees
-employees who were not authorised to use a computer system
-outside users - hackers/crackers
-an organisation’s competitors
18
Q
why do we care about computer crime?
A
it is important for computing professionals to understand cyber terrorism for their benefit and society as a whole
19
Q
what are the types of computer crime?
A
-hardware / software theft
-hacking
-spamming
sniffing
-denial of service attack
-identify theft (phishing and skimming)
20
Q
what is hardware theft?
A
- act of stealing computer equipment
21
Q
examples of hardware theft?
A
-opening computers and taking parts out of them
-hardware theft happens in retail stores, breaking in , opening the package and shoplifting
22
Q
what is software theft?
A
-unauthorised duplication and/or use of computer software
23
Q
examples of software theft
A
- Physically steal a media that contain the software
- Remove or disable the programs that have been written from the company computers. Programmers are the ones that cause this disturbance
Software is stolen form the software manufactures, and later is duplicated for sale in black market (also known as piracy)
24
Q
what is the definition of hacking?
A
any action that leads to unathorized interference with a computer, computer system or network. a hacker writes or uses ready made programs to break into a computer
25
what are some types for hacking
- stealing financial information
-stealing personal info
-damage/modify data
-launch computer attacks
-gaining access
-transit a virus via malicious software
26
what is spamming
Automated sending of large quantities of unsolicited e-mails to recipients.
27
why does spamming exist?
This may be for marketing purposes
Can disrupt or disable network
28
what is sniffing
Is the electronic eavesdropping on electronic data transmissions
This may be of e-mails or of data which might be used for financial gain, for e.g., credit card details
29
what is denial of service attack
An attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users
30
what is identity theft?
The fraudulent acquisition and use of person’s private identifying information, usually for financial gain
31
what are the two types of identity theft?
phishing and skimming
32
what is phishing?
technique to fish for information that you would not disclose to others such as bank details, card details, PIN numbers, national insurance number, passport number
33
what is an example of phishing?
an email asking you to click on a link, visit the site and verify or update some personal information, the email appears to be legitimate, making you feel comfortable enough to give information.
34
what is skimming?
illegal copying of information from the magnetic strip of a credit or ATM card using electronic device known as skimmer, once scammers have skimmed your card they can create a fake card with your details on it before starting to run charges on your account. this is done without knowledge o original card holder
35
what are some examples of legalisation as a response to computer crimes and abuses
computer misuse act 1990
computer misuse amendment bill 2002
36
what is computer misuse act 1990
made it illegal to attempt to make unathorised access or changes to computer material
37
what 3 specific offences does the computer misuse act define
Sect 1: Unauthorised access to computer material is the basic offence of hacking
Sect 2: Unauthorised access with intent to commit or facilitate commission of further offences (comes in when the hacking leads to another offence (e.g. theft))
Sect 3: Unauthorised modification of computer material (covers the use viruses, worms; also phishing and Denial service of attack
38
what is privacy?
Privacy is the ability of an individual/group to stop data or information about themselves from becoming known to people other than those whom they choose to give access
39
what was introduced to counter privacy issues
UK introduced the Data Protection Act (1994, 1998) and the Data Protection Act 2018 which is the UK’s implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
40
what is the data protection act 2018
Under the Data Protection Act 2018, you have the right to find out what information the government and other organisations store about you.
41
what are the rights under the data protection act 2018
These include the right to:
- be informed about how your data is being used
- access personal data
- have incorrect data updated
- have data erased
- stop or restrict the processing of your data
- data portability (allowing you to get and reuse your data for different services)
- object to how your data is processed in certain circumstances
You also have rights when an organisation is using your personal data for:
- automated decision-making processes (without human involvement)
- profiling, for example to predict your behaviour or interests
42
what is intellectual property?
Intellectual property (IP) is intangible property created by an individual or organisation
such as Literary works, music, video, art, designs, inventions and trademarks
43
why is intellectual property called "intellectual"
It is called “intellectual” property because it is the product of human imagination, creativity, and inventiveness
44
why is it important to protect your intellectual property?
Protecting your intellectual property makes it easier to take legal action against anyone who steals or copies it, with an aim of making profit.
The type of protection you can get depends on what you have created
45
what are the two types of protection?
copyright and patents
46
what things can be copyright?
literary works, art, music, films ,sound recordings, web content
47
what are patents?
A patent protects your invention and lets you take legal action against anyone who makes, uses, or sells your invention without your permission
invention and products, e.g. machines and machine parts, tools, medicines
48
does copyright protect the idea?
no copyright does not protect ideas, but only the expression of ideas
49
do patents protect the idea?
Protects the idea behind an invention
The ideas should be original and not obvious
50
are patents published?
Patents are published, thus benefiting public knowledge
51
What do we mean by Ethics?
The field of study that is concerned with questions of value, that is, judgements about a human behaviour is good or bad.
52
what are some ethical issues in IT
extracting data to gain competitive advantage, installing unlicensed software, accessing personal information and revealing trade secrets.
53
what are codes of ethics
consent, withdrawal , confidentiality
54
how do you secure digital world?
-install anti virus software
-install updates
-choose passwords and don't share
-encrypt sensitive data
-regular data back ups
55
what does a computer process data into?
A Computer process data into information
56
what does data consists of?
raw facts and figures
57
information is data that has been :
summarised and transformed
58
what is a computer?
A computer can be defined as a programmable, electronic device that:
accepts data
performs operations
presents the results
stores the results (or information)
58
what are the 4 basic operations of computers
Input – entering data into a computer
Processing – manipulating operations performed on the data
Output – presenting results
Storage – saving data, programs, or output for future use
59
what are the advantage of a computer
speed, reliability, increased storage, consistency and automation
60
what are the disadvantages of a computer
impact on labour force, violation of privacy/public safety and health issues
61
what are internal hardware components?
located inside the main box or system unit of the computer.
examples:
network card
mother board
hard drive
RAM
62
what are external hardware components?
located outside the system unit and connected to the system unit via a wired or wireless connection
examples:
keyboard
mouse
touch pad
gaming controller
63
what is an input device
An input device is any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer
64
examples of input device
keyboard
mouse
digital pen
65
what is an output device
An output device accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to the user or to another machine
This can be through a screen, on paper, speaker etc.
66
what is an example of output devices
monitor/display screen
printer
67
what is the main processing device for a computer is ?
The main processing device for a computer is the central processing unit (CPU) often considered the “brain” of the computer
68
what does CPU perform and control
Performs:
calculations
comparisons needed for processing
Controls:
the computer’s operations
69
What kind of storage are storage devices
non - volatile storage
70
where is information about the files stored
in a directory
71
what are storage devices used for?
Storage devices are used to save data, program settings, or output for future use
72
how can storage devices be installed, attached, or accessed?
Storage devices can be installed inside the computer, attached to the computer as an external device, or accessed remotely through a network or wireless connection
73
examples of storage devices
Hard drive
CD/DVD
flash memory card
flash memory card reader
USB flash drive
74
what do communication devices allow users to do?
- communicate electronically with others
-access remote information such as internet, home/school, company computer network
75
examples of communication devices
modems, network adapters, routers
76
define network adapters
used to connect a computer to a computer network
77
define modem
used to connect a computer to the internet
78
define router
used to create a small network so a variety of devices can share an Internet connection and data
79
define usb flash drive
used to store documents, digital files, music files and other content that can be moved from one PC to another
80
define flash memory cards
used to store digital photos, music, files and other content
81
what is a mouse
used to make on screen selections - a primary input device
82
what are CD/DVD discs
used to deliver programmes and store large multimedia files such as movies
83
define keyboard
used to type instructions into the computer - a primary input device
84
what is a usb port
it connects external devices that use usb interface
85
define speakers
produce audio output
86
define microphone
captures spoken input
87
define flash memory card reader
reads and writes flash memory cards
88
define DVD drive
reads and writes CD and DVD discs
89
define hard drive
located inside the system unit, stores programs and most data
90
define system unit
case that contains the CPU, memory, power supply, storage devices and all other internal hardware
91
define monitor
lets you see your work as you go, primary output device
92
define printer
produces printed copies of computer output
93
what is software?
Software refers to the programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware on what to do
94
what are the 2 basic types of softwares
system software and operating system
95
define system software
The programs that allow a computer to operate are collectively referred to as system software. The main system software is the operating system
96
define operating system
-starts up the computer and controls its operation
-sets up new hardware
-allows users to run other software
-allows users to manage the documents stored on their computers
97
examples of software
windows, Mac OS, linux
98
examples of some mobile operating systems
android, IOS, windows phone
99
can a computer function without an operating system
no
100
what are some basic tasks of an operating system (OS)
-provides a user interface so that we can interact with the computer
-manages applications that are running on the computer, starting them when on requests and stopping them when no longer needed
101
What are 4 basic tasks of OS
manages files, helping us save our work, organise our files, find files that we have saved and load files
manages the computer memory, deciding what should be loaded into memory and what should be removed
looks after the computer security, preventing unauthorised access to the system
manages the computer’s input and output hardware such as disk drives and printers
102
what does application software mean?
Application software consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer
103
what can you use application software for?
-creating letters (word processing software)
-preparing budgets (spreadsheet software)
-managing inventory and customer databases (database software)
-playing games (gaming software)
-watching videos or listening to music (multimedia software)
-editing digital photographs (image editing software)
-exchanging e-mail (e-mail programs)
104
what is hardware (8 points)
- physical parts of the computer are called hardware
- touch/see/feel hardware
- hardware is made using physical materials or components
- computer is hardware which operates under control of software
- if hardware is damaged its replaced with new one
-hardware is not affected by viruses
-hardware cannot be transferred from one place to another electronically through network
-user cannot make new duplicate copies of the hardware
105
what is software (8 points)
- a set of instructions given to the computer is called software
-cant touch/feel software
-software is developed through writing instructions in programming language (coded)
-operations of computer are controlled through software
-if software is damaged or corrupted, its backup copy can be reinstalled
-affected by computer viruses
-software can be transferred from one place to another electronically through network
-users can make many new duplicates of the software
106
what is user interface?
A user interface an interaction method by which a user and the computer exchange information and instructions
107
what are the 2 types of user interface?
command line interface (CLI)
graphical user interface (GUI)
108
What is CLI (command line interface)
A Command Line Interface (CLI) allows the user to interact with the computer by typing in commands i.e. set of instructions
The computer displays a command prompt, then a user key(s) in the command and press enter or return
109
110
what is the disadvantage of CLI
The user would have to learn a whole set of commands so that they could make use of the computer system
this is only suitable for expert users
111
what is graphical user interface (GUI)
it is an interface built around visual/graphical displays.
-Windows are regions of the screen used to display information
-Icons are small pictures that are used to represent folders, software, etc
-Menus are list of options the user can select from
112
what is a disadvantage of GUI
a lot of memory and processing power is used to display all of the graphics required by the GUI
113
examples of GUI
windows, apple OSX and ubuntu
