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Intro to Clinical Skills > ICS_Vocab_ALL_A-Z > Flashcards

ICS_Vocab_ALL_A-Z Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor

A

That which draws something in the direction away from the midline. The opposite of adductor.

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2
Q

Ablation

A

The removal of a part of the body; growth; or noxious substance.

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3
Q

Abscess

A

A circumscribed collection of pus; Òa pus pocket.Ó

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4
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure to relax; referring especially to visceral openings; i.e.; esophagus.

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5
Q

Acromegaly

A

A disorder marked by a progressive enlargement of the head; face; hands; feet; and thorax due to the excessive secretion of growth hormone.

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6
Q

Acute

A

Rapid onset; having a short course.

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7
Q

Adductor

A

That which draws something toward the midline. Opposite of abductor.

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8
Q

Adenoma

A

An ordinarily benign neoplasm or growth of epithelial tissue; usually well circumscribed. The tumor cells form at glands or gland-like structures.

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9
Q

Adipose

A

Fatty; relating to fat.

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10
Q

Afterload

A

The resistance to flow encountered in the systemic circulation.

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11
Q

Agenesis

A

Absence; failure of formation of any part.

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12
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Condition characterized by pronounced reduction in the number of white blood cells specifically polymorphonuclear leukocytes; i.e.; segs and bands.

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13
Q

Akinesia

A

Absence or loss of the power of voluntary motion; immobility.

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14
Q

Akinesthesia

A

Absence of the sense of the perception of movement.

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15
Q

Alexia

A

Loss of the power to grasp the meaning of written or printed words and sentences.

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16
Q

Alkalosis

A

Abnormally high alkali (bicarbonate) in the blood or other body fluids causing an increased pH.

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17
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness or loss of hair.

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18
Q

Amaurosis

A

Blindness; especially that occurring without apparent change in the eye itself.

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19
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sack during pregnancy.

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20
Q

Analgesia

A

Relief of pain.

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21
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A significant allergic reaction following exposure to antigen in a subject previously sensitized to that specific antigen. This generally occurs very rapidly after exposure and often is accompanied by swelling; breathing difficulties; hypotension.

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22
Q

Anemia

A

A condition in which the number of red blood cells are less than normal. Often measured with a low hemoglobin or hematocrit (the low blood.)

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23
Q

Anencephaly

A

Marked defective development of the brain and bony structure usually with only rudimentary brain stem present. Generally not compatible with life.

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24
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Literally; strangulation of the chest; a paroxysmal; constricting substernal pain of brief duration; which frequently accompanies myocardial ischemia.

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25
Q

Angle closure

A

Narrowing of the angle formed inside the lateral aspects of the anterior chamber of the eye where the aqueous humor drains.

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26
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite.

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27
Q

Anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen in the blood or tissues.

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28
Q

Antenatal

A

Period in pregnancy from the time of conception until the onset of labor (prenatal).

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29
Q

Anticipatory guidance

A

Patient/family counseling which includes information; advice; and suggestions about expected health-related life occurrences; health maintenance; and preventive plans.

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30
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign protein that can cause an allergic reaction in a sensitized host.

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31
Q

Anuresis

A

Absence of the act of urination.

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32
Q

Aphasia

A

Impaired or absence of communication by speech; writing; or signs due to brain dysfunction in the dominate hemisphere.

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33
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing.

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34
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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35
Q

Ataxia

A

A loss of the power of motor coordination.

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36
Q

Atelectasis

A

Compressed lung tissue with collapsed alveolar air spaces.

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37
Q

Benign

A

Mild or noncancerous.

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38
Q

Biparietal Diameter

A

Used in fetal ultrasounds. Refers to the greatest transverse diameter of the head which extends from one parietal boss to the other.

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39
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelids.

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40
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

Weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared. A measure of relative weight based on individuals mass and hight.

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41
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow heartbeat general defined as a rate less than 60 beats/minute.

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42
Q

Breathlessness

A

Appropriate shortness of breath; e.g.; following heavy exercise.

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43
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

An abnormal dilation of the bronchus or the bronchial tubes.

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44
Q

Bruit

A

Sound produced by disturbance in laminar blood flow through an artery.

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45
Q

Bursa

A

A closed sack lined with a synovial type membrane containing fluid usually found in areas of friction; i.e.; where a tendon passes over a bone.

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46
Q

Cachexia

A

Generally lack of nutrition and wasting.

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47
Q

Calculus

A

a stone Ðlike concretion of material; usually mineral salts; that forms in an organ or duct in the body; the material such as cholesterol.

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48
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue.

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49
Q

Caries

A

Destruction or necrosis of teeth.

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50
Q

Caseation

A

Necrosis in which the necrotic tissues resemble cheese. Contains a mixture of protein and fat. Occurs particularly in reference of tuberculosis.

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51
Q

Causalgia

A

Persistent severe burning sensation of the skin; usually involves injury to the sensory fibers of the peripheral nerve.

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52
Q

Chalazion

A

Chronic inflammatory granuloma in the tarsus of the eyelids due to the inflammation of the meibomian gland.

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53
Q

Chorea

A

A disorder characterized by irregular spasmodic involuntary movement of limbs and facial muscles.

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54
Q

Chronic

A

A condition that develops slowly and persists over time.

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55
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Progressive disease of the liver with fibrosis and damage to the prankmul cells.

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56
Q

Climacteric

A

Perimenopausal time of a womanÕs life; Òthe change.Ó

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57
Q

Clonus

A

A form of movement marked by contractions and relaxations of the muscle in rapid succession.

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58
Q

Coffee ground emesis

A

Vomitus of coffee ground appearing particles that represents a upper gastrointestinal bleed that has occurred slowly enough for the gastric acid to denature the blood.

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59
Q

Colic

A

Spasmodic pains in the abdomen. Generally described as spasms and is usually secondary to some degree of obstruction of a hollow organ.

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60
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the large bowel.

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61
Q

Concussion

A

Any alteration in mental status induced by trauma.

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62
Q

Confabulation

A

The making-up of tales in a fluid fashion with no regard to facts or the question put forward. Generally seen in alcoholic CNS disease.

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63
Q

Contusion

A

Bleeding and damage in the soft tissues; resulting from a direct blow injury.

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64
Q

Crepitation

A

Crackling sound or sensation as would be produced by the rubbing together of irregular surfaces.

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65
Q

Cul-de-sac

A

A blind pouch or tubular cavity closed at one end.

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66
Q

Curettage

A

A scraping of the interior lining of a cavity; i.e.; ÒD&CÓ

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67
Q

Cyanosis

A

A dark blue or purple-ish discoloration of the skin or mucus membrane secondary to deficiency of oxygenation to the blood.

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68
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of a bladder; i.e.; Òbladder infection.Ó

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69
Q

Degeneration

A

Gradual deterioration of normal cells and body functions.

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70
Q

Dehiscence

A

A bursting open; splitting; or gaping.

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71
Q

Delirium

A

Extreme promental excitement with confused and unconnected ideas often with illusions or hallucinations.

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72
Q

Delusion

A

A false belief or wrong judgment.

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73
Q

Dementia

A

A general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors; i.e.; AlzheimerÕs disease (old-timerÕs disease).

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74
Q

Depression

A

Mood disorder characterized by sadness and inability to experience pleasure.

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75
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin.

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76
Q

Desensitization

A

Reduction of allergic sensitivity to a specific antigen; i.e.; allergy shots.

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77
Q

Diagnosis

A

Determination of the presence of a disease based on an evaluation of symptoms; signs; and test findings.

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78
Q

Diastolic dysfunction

A

Stiffening or poor relaxation of the left ventricle which causes inefficient fillings.

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79
Q

Dilation

A

(in obstetric terms) is the enlargement of the transverse diameter of the cervical opening. In the non-pregnancy patient; it is less than 5mm; at complete dilation in labor; it is 10cm.

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80
Q

Dissection

A

In reference to the aorta; dissection occurs when the intimal layer of the vessel splits apart from the deeper muscle layers and blood flows into the torn apart layers.

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81
Q

Distal

A

Situated away from the center of the body or from the point of origin; i.e.; the farthest away part (versus proximal).

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82
Q

Distention

A

Swelling or stretching.

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83
Q

Diverticula

A

Small pouches usually found extending from the wall of the colon.

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84
Q

Dorsum

A

The posterior or back part.

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85
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Alternately moving a limb in the opposite direction; i.e.; rapidly alternating movements.

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86
Q

Dysentery

A

A disease marked by frequent watery stools often with blood and mucus and characterized by pain; tenesmus; fever and dehydration.

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87
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Difficulty in performing voluntary movements.

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88
Q

Dysostosis

A

Defective bone formation.

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89
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Pain in the sexual act.

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90
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion or upset stomach.

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91
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

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92
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness or difficulty or pain in speaking.

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93
Q

Dysphoria

A

Feeling of unpleasantness or discomfort.

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94
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal tissue development; i.e.; cervical dysplasia on pap test.

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95
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath; Òshort-winded.Ó

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96
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult childbirth.

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97
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination.

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98
Q

Eburneous

A

Who cares?

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99
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Purple-ish patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin; i.e.; a bruise.

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100
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Use of ultrasound to view the heart and valvular structures.

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101
Q

Eclampsia

A

Is the occurrence of seizures superimposed upon the preeclampsia syndrome.

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102
Q

Ectasia

A

Dilation of a tubular structure.

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103
Q

Ectopic

A

Aberrant or out of place; i.e.; an organ which is not in its proper place. Eg Ectopic Pregnancy.

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104
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells; tissues; or serous cavities; Òswelling.Ó

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105
Q

Effacement

A

Refers to the softening and thinning of the cervix in preparation for dilation.

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106
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

The amount of blood expelled from the ventricular cavity when the heart contracts in systole.

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107
Q

Embolism

A

Obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by a transported colt of vegetation or other foreign material; i.e.; pulmonary embolism.

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108
Q

Embryo

A

In man; the developing organism from conception until approximately the end of the second month. Generally referred to as fetal after this stage of development.

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109
Q

Emollient

A

Soothing to skin or mucus membrane. An agent that softens the skin.

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110
Q

Empiric

A

Founded on practical experience; but not proven scientifically.

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111
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in a body cavity; generally referring to pus in the pleural cavity.

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112
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain.

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113
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Any disease of the brain.

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114
Q

End-Organ

A

also called Òtarget organÓ- The organ on which a substance or process exerts its influence or action.

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115
Q

Endarteritis

A

An inflammation of the inner coat of the artery.

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116
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium of the lining membrane of the heart and heart valves.

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117
Q

Endocrine

A

Secreting internally; most common in systemic circulation.

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118
Q

Endometriosis

A

A condition involving ectopic location of endometrial or uterine lining tissue outside the uterine cavity.

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119
Q

Endometritis

A

Inflammation of the endometrium or uterine lining.

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120
Q

Endophtalmitis

A

Inflammation of the internal structures in the eyeball.

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121
Q

Engagement

A

Is the descent of the biparietal diameter of the feta head into the pelvic inlet.

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122
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the intestine.

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123
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer epithelial portion of the skin.

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124
Q

Epigastrium

A

Referring to the upper central abdominal region; i.e.; upper gastric pain.

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125
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed.

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126
Q

Erythema

A

Redness or inflammation of the skin.

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127
Q

Eschar

A

A thick; coagulated crust which develops after a burn to the skin.

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128
Q

Esotropia

A

ÒCross-eyed.Ó

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129
Q

Estimated Date of Confinement (EDC)

A

That point in time when labor might be reasonable expected.

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130
Q

Estradiol

A

The most potent naturally occurring estrogen in mammals.

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131
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of a disease.

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132
Q

Euphoria

A

A feeling of well-being commonly exaggerated and not necessarily well-founded.

133
Q

Eventration

A

Protrusion of intestine through an opening in the abdominal wall.

134
Q

Exanthem

A

A skin eruption occurring as a symptom of an acute viral or coccal disease.

135
Q

Excitement

A

What Pontiac builds.

136
Q

Exocrine

A

Glandular secretion that is delivered to the surface as opposed to endocrine.

137
Q

Extrasystole

A

An ectopic or premature heartbeat.

138
Q

Extravasate

A

To exude or pass out a vessel into the tissues such as blood; urine; or x-ray dye.

139
Q

Exudate

A

A thick fluid with a high protein and leukocyte count.

140
Q

Fascia

A

A sheet of fibrous tissue which envelops the body beneath the skin.

141
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the fascia; i.e.; plantar ysmenorr.

142
Q

Fasting

A

No caloric intake for at least 8 hours.

143
Q

Febrile

A

Related to a fever (elevated temperature)

144
Q

Fenestration

A

Presence of openings; i.e.; fenestrated drape.

145
Q

Fetal heart tones

A

The sound generated by the beating of the fetal heart which may be auscultated over the fundus.

146
Q

Fetus

A

In a man generally represents products of conception form the end of the eighth week to the moment of birth.

147
Q

Fibroma

A

A benign neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue.

148
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

A malignant neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue characterized by immature prolifium fibroblast.

149
Q

Fibrosis

A

Scarring.

150
Q

Fissure

A

A deep furrow; cleft; or slit.

151
Q

Fistula

A

A pathological sinus or abnormal passage leading from an abscess cavity or hollow organ to the surface or from one abscess cavity or organ to another; i.e.; rectal/vaginal fistula-and opening from the rectum to the vagina.

152
Q

Flatulence

A

A presence of an excessive amount of gas in the intestines of stomach.

153
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation reaction in the hair follicles; generally with small pustules associated with each individual hair shaft.

154
Q

Friable

A

Tissue that is not strong and bleeds easily upon manual irritation.

155
Q

Fundus

A

The portion of the uterus above the cervix which expands during pregnancy and contains the growing fetus.

156
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Continued discharge of milk from the breast in intervals of nursing or after the child has been weaned; not involving stimulation of the nipples.

157
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the mucus membrane of both stomach and intestine; generally caused by a viral illness.

158
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent.

159
Q

Geriatrics

A

Science of old age.

160
Q

Gestation

A

Related to pregnancy i.e.; 24 weeks gestational age.

161
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums of the mouth.

162
Q

Glaucoma

A

A disease of the eye characterized by increased pressure within the eyeball.

163
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Renal disease characterized by bilateral inflammatory changes of the glomeruli or filtering apparatus of the kidneys. Not the result of infection of the kidneys.

164
Q

Glossitis

A

Inflammation of the tongue.

165
Q

Gravida

A

The number of times a woman has been pregnant.

166
Q

Habitus

A

The physical characteristics of a person.

167
Q

Hallux

A

The great toe (the big one).

168
Q

Hemangioma

A

A proliferation of vascular endothelium that leads to a mass that resembles neoplastic tissue. A benign collection of vascular tissue.

169
Q

Hematemesis

A

Might expect to see bright red blood when a nasogastric tube is inserted and suction is applied.

170
Q

Hematochezia

A

Maroon or bright red stool related to a lower gastrointestinal bleed blow the splenic flexure of the colon.

171
Q

Hematoma

A

A localized mass of extravasated blood.

172
Q

Hematuria

A

Any condition in which urine contains blood or red blood cells.

173
Q

Hemianopsia

A

Loss of vision for one-half of the visual field in one or both eyes.

174
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells in such a manner that hemoglobin is liberated.

175
Q

Hemoptysis

A

The splitting of blood derived from lungs or bronchial tubes.

176
Q

Hemostasis

A

the arrest of bleeding.

177
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver.

178
Q

Hepatojuglar reflux

A

Sustained distention of jugular veins see when; on physical examination; you press just under the liver for 20-30 seconds.

179
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of an organ or other structure through the wall of a cavity that normally contains it.

180
Q

Hirsutism

A

Presence of excessive body or facial hair; especially in women.

181
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Condition marked by excessive accumulation of fluid dilating the vertebral ventricles.

182
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting.

183
Q

Hyperemia

A

Presence of an increased amount of blood in a part; similar to erythema.

184
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Overgrowth; general increase in bulk.

185
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus.

186
Q

Ibuprofen

A

The chemical name of an anti-inflammatory which is sold by several companies and goes under the brand names of Motrin; Advil; Nuprin; etc.

187
Q

Ictal

A

As in a post-ictal state. Refers to the condition of a patient after a seizure.

188
Q

Icterus

A

Jaundice.

189
Q

Ileus

A

An obstruction of the intestines can be due to lack of bowel motility or obstruction mechanically by a tumor or other hard substance.

190
Q

Immune

A

Resistant to an infectious disease.

191
Q

Impetigo

A

Streptococcal infection of the skin characterized by fragile vesicles or pustules that become confluent and rupture forming erosions with bright yellow crusts; a common condition in children.

192
Q

Incontinence

A

The ability to control bodily functions including defecation; urination; also used to refer to emotional incontinence such as uncontrollable persistent crying.

193
Q

Induration

A

Process of becoming extremely firm or hard.

194
Q

Infarct

A

An area of necrosis resulting from arrest or insufficiency of blood supply.

195
Q

Inflammation

A

Reaction of body tissues to injury as manifested by swelling; warmth and/or pain.

196
Q

Influenza

A

Acute viral infection of the respiratory tract sometimes occurring in epidemics. In severe cases there may be secondary bacterial infection causing bronchitis or pneumonia. Note that hemophilus influenza is a bacterium. The flu shot is developed to combat whatever strains the influenza virus seem to present in the community at a given time.

197
Q

Intoxication

A

Conditions caused by intake of an excess of a drug or a poisonous substance.

198
Q

Intrapartum

A

That period of time from the onset of labor until delivery.

199
Q

Intussusception

A

The infolding of one segment of intestine within another. Like a telescope.

200
Q

Ischemia

A

Local anemia due to mechanical obstruction to the blood supply.

201
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow skin caused by deposition of bile pigment in the skin and mucus membranes; associated hyperbilirubinemia. Occurs most commonly in newborns or adults whit liver disease.

202
Q

Jugular venous distention

A

Engorged appearance of jugular veins seen when pressure on the right side of the heart is elevated.

203
Q

Karyotype

A

The chromosome characteristics of an individual or of a cell line.

204
Q

Keloid

A

Hyperplastic scar tissue.

205
Q

Keratin

A

The protein which is the principal component of epidermis; hair; nails; horny tissues; and the enamel of the teeth.

206
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea

207
Q

Ketonemia and ketonuria

A

The presence of ketone bodies in the blood and urine; respectively; as in diabetes mellitus or starvation

208
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Severe malnutrition due to dietary deficiency of protein not necessarily associated with calorie deficiency (e.g.; in the tropics sugar cane may provide adequate calories but not protein).

209
Q

Kyphosis

A

Means hump-backed in Greek and regers to the abnormally increased of the thoracic spine which can occur with aging and with several types of disease; as in kyphotic spine.

210
Q

Labia

A

Pertaining to a lip; used for the mouth or the labia majora/minora in the female external genitalia.

211
Q

Labile

A

Unpredictably changeable.

212
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the labyrinth; otitis interna; a condition which often results in problems with balance and vertigo.

213
Q

Lacrimal

A

Pertaining to tears.

214
Q

Lanugo

A

Very fine; soft embryonic hair.

215
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Examination of the interior of the abdomen using a laparoscope which is an endoscope which can be inserted through a small incision in the skin and interior abdominal wall.

216
Q

Last menstrual period (LMP)

A

Date of onset of the last menses.

217
Q

Lethargy

A

Decreased alertness and excessive drowsiness.

218
Q

Leukocyte

A

Any one of the white blood cells.

219
Q

Leukopenia

A

A decrease in the normal number of circulating white blood cells.

220
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White thickened patches of mucous of the cheeks; gums; or tongue which cannot be rubbed off and sometimes show a tendency to fissure. This is common in smokers and can become malignant.

221
Q

Ligament

A

A band or sheet of fibrous tissue generally connecting two or more bones.

222
Q

Lochia

A

Discharge from the vagina of mucous; blood; and tissue debris following childbirth.

223
Q

Maceration

A

Softening of tissue of soaking; used to refer to breakdown of skin due to excessive moisture; for example with diaper rash on a baby or fungal infection of the skin between folds of the stomach or under the breasts in adults.

224
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast usually occurs during breast feeding and is detected by redness; heat; and tenderness or pain; this is a type of cellulitis or localizes soft tissue infection which required antibiotics for recovery.

225
Q

Meatus

A

The external opening of a canal.

226
Q

Meconium

A

The dark-green stool of the newborn which usually clears within the first few days of life to be replaced by a yellow or pale green seedy type of stool. The release of meconium in utero is a sign of stress in the fetus and depending on the time of the release either the amniotic fluid will be green or have chunks of meconium in it and the skin of the newborn may be stained somewhat green.

227
Q

Megacolon

A

An abnormally large or dilated colon which can be congenital; acquired; acute; or chronic. The most common cause is due to chronic constipation but a congenital absence of ganglion cells in the distal bowel which causes loss of motor function needs to be ruled-out. This condition is also referred to as ÒHirschsprungÕs Disease.Ó

228
Q

Medial

A

Relating to the middle or center.

229
Q

Melena

A

Dark tarry stool related to a lower gastrointestional bleed above the splenic flexure of the colon.

230
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection or inflammation of the meninges.

231
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessively profuse or prolonged menstruation.

232
Q

Myositis

A

inflammation of a muscle.

233
Q

Myringotomy

A

Surgical incision in the tympanic membrane of the ear. This is done to insert an ear tube or to culture the ear for pus.

234
Q

Myxoma

A

A tumor composed of primitive connective tissue cells and stroma resembling mesenchyme. It is most commonly found in the atrium and the region of the fossa ovalis at the interatrial septum and can be a cause of obstruction.

235
Q

Nasogastric tube

A

A tube inserted through the nose; down the throat and esophagus; and into the stomach. It can be put on low intermittent suction or continuous suction. It is used to check the contents of the stomach for blood or coffee grounds and to decompress the stomach of the gastric fluids that are secreted in the event of an ileus or other intestinal obstruction. An ileus is paralysis of the intestine.

236
Q

Nausea

A

An unpleasant sensation of impending; vomiting; frequently localizes to the epigastrium.

237
Q

Necrosis

A

Referring to the newborn.

238
Q

Neoplasm

A

A word for tumor.

239
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones.

240
Q

Neuralgia

A

Pain coming from the nerves. For example; postherpetic neuralgia. This is a pain syndrome that occurs after herpes virus infections such as shingles.

241
Q

Nystagmus

A

Irregular jerking movement of the eyes.

242
Q

O.D.

A

Abbreviation for the right eye (oculus dexter).

243
Q

O.S.

A

Abbreviation for the left eye (oculus sinister).

244
Q

Obesity

A

A condition in which the weight is greater than 20% above ideal body weight; alternatively identified as a BMI > 27 kg/m2.

245
Q

Obstipation

A

Persistent failure to pass any stool.

246
Q

Odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing.

247
Q

Oliguria

A

Urinary output less than 400 ml per 24 hours.

248
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation or infection of the testes.

249
Q

Organic brain syndrome

A

Disturbance of attention; memory; intellect; and orientation; may have delusions or hallucinations.

250
Q

Orthopnea

A

Inability to breathe comfortably when supine.

251
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

A drop in blood pressure when changing position; for example; from lying down to sitting-up or from sitting-up to standing-up. This may be caused by loss of blood volume or by pooling of the blood in the lower extremities.

252
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

The arthritis due to wear and tear of aging; also known as degenerative joint disease.

253
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection in the bone.

254
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous or thin bones.

255
Q

Otalgia

A

Pain in the ear.

256
Q

Otitis

A

Infection in the ear.

257
Q

Otolaryngology

A

The study of the ear; nose; and throat.

258
Q

Otorrhea

A

Discharge from the ear.

259
Q

Oxytocin

A

The natural hormone made by women which causes contractions of the uterus. Release of this hormone can be caused by nipple stimulation late in pregnancy.

260
Q

Palpitation

A

Awareness of the heartbeat.

261
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas.

262
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic nerve head.

263
Q

Paresis (hemi-; para-; quadri-)

A

Weakness or partial paralysis.

264
Q

Paresthesia

A

Sensation of burning; crawling; or tingling.

265
Q

Parity

A

Completion of pregnancy beyond what would be considered an abortion (usually 20 weeks). Refers to number pregnancies not the number of fetuses. Often listed as a sequence of four numbers; i.e.; 2012. These numbers refer to (left to right) the number of term pregnancies; the number of premature pregnancies delivered; the number of spontaneous and induced abortions; and finally the number of living children.

266
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Waking up from sleep with sudden shortness of breath.

267
Q

Pedal Edema

A

Swelling of feet.

268
Q

Peritoneum

A

Space between the bowels and the abdominal wall.

269
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint-size hemorrhages.

270
Q

Photophobia

A

Sensitivity to light that is usually associated with corneal disease.

271
Q

Plegia

A

Complete paralysis. Hemiplegia; paralysis of one side of the body and the limbs on that side; paraplegia; paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body; usually caused by disease or injury of the spinal cord; quadriplegia; paralysis of the body and joints.

272
Q

Pleurisy

A

Any pleural inflammation; loosely; the pain associated with disease of the pleura.

273
Q

Pneumonia

A

Clinical term that most commonly refers to pulmonary inflammation due to infection.

274
Q

Pneumonitis

A

Any pulmonary inflammation.

275
Q

Polymenorrhea (metrorrhagia)

A

Abnormally increased frequently of menstrual flow.

276
Q

Postpartum

A

A syndrome peculiar to pregnancy which is defined by elevated blood pressure; excessive fluid retention; and proteinuria.

277
Q

Preload

A

Filling pressure of the heart.

278
Q

Preprandial and postprandial

A

Before and after a meal.

279
Q

Presbyopia

A

Diminution of the power of accommodation of the eye due to the aging process.

280
Q

Presystolic

A

Immediately preceding the first sound; occurring in the latter one-third of diastole.

281
Q

Primigravida

A

Woman pregnant for the first time.

282
Q

Primipara

A

Woman who has borne on viable infant.

283
Q

Proprioception

A

Perception of movements and positions of the body and joints.

284
Q

Proptosis

A

Forward displacement of the eyeball.

285
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching.

286
Q

Pseudodementia

A

A condition with clinical symptoms of dementia but not due to organic disease and without the permanent cognitive sequelae.

287
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid (blepharoptosis).

288
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

289
Q

Purpura

A

Purple-ish discolorations caused by bleeding into the skin and visible mucous membranes; that is; Òblack and blue spots.Ó

290
Q

Pyuria

A

Presence of leukocytes in the urine.

291
Q

Quickening

A

The initial perception of fetal movement by the mother usually occurring at 16 to 18 weeks of pregnancy.

292
Q

Rales

A

Abnormal sounds that originates form the trachea; bronchi; or lungs; crepitation; crepitant rale; a rale of crackling quality; usually applied to moist rales; consonating rale; a loud; clear; ringing rale that sounds close to the ear; often associated with pulmonary consolidation.

293
Q

RaynaudÕs Phenomenon

A

Paroxysmal pallor or cyanosis of a distal extremity; induced by chilling or emotion.

294
Q

Rebound

A

Abbreviated term for rebound tenderness; abdominal discomfort on sudden withdrawal of the palpating hand.

295
Q

Rectocele

A

Hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina.

296
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidneys.

297
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Nasal discharge.

298
Q

Scaphoid

A

A thin; concave-shaped abdomen. Literally Òship-like;Ó derived from the Greek.

299
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A psychiatric disease characterized by disordered thinking; hallucinations and delusions..

300
Q

Sciatica

A

Pain in the lower back and along the sciatic nerve distribution.

301
Q

Scoliosis

A

A side-to-side curvature in the spine.

302
Q

Scotoma

A

Blind or partially blind area in visual field.

303
Q

Sepsis

A

A syndrome associated with bloodstream infection.

304
Q

Shock

A

Acute circulatory collapse; with pallor; hypotension; and coldness of the skin (also; a palpable heart sound).

305
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence of disease as found on physical exam.

306
Q

Space-Occupying lesion

A

Abnormal structure which causes symptoms and signs because they impinge upon normal brain tissues.

307
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen.

308
Q

Sputum

A

Expectorated or mucopurulent secretion from the air passages.

309
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Excessive fat in the stool.

310
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth.

311
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine during period of intravesical pressure; such as can be produced by coughing; straining; or lifting.

312
Q

Stridor

A

Noisy respiration.

313
Q

Symptom

A

An alteration in health status which the patient perceives and expresses; elicited during the history.

314
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary unconsciousness due to cerebral ischemia.

315
Q

Systole

A

Contraction; period of contraction during which the atria or ventricles eject blood; ventricular systole includes the first and second sounds and the period between them; when the term systole or diastole is used alone; it is assumed to refer to the ventricles.

316
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon.

317
Q

Tenesmus

A

The sensation of the need to evacuate the bowels; but without result.

318
Q

Thrill

A

Palpable vibrations (palpable murmur).

319
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Reduction below normal in the number of circulating platelets.

320
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Increase above normal in the number or circulating platelets.

321
Q

Thrush

A

Candida (yeast) infection in the oral cavity; characterized by white plaques or patches on the tongue or mucosa

322
Q

Tympanitic

A

Distention of the abdomen due to the presence of gas or air in the intestine or peritoneal cavity.

323
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammatory process involving the urethra.

324
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye.

325
Q

Vascular

A

Involving blood vessels.

326
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation of the arteries.

327
Q

Virilism

A

A state of masculinization in the female.

328
Q

Xerosis

A

Dryness of the skin.

329
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dryness of the mouth.

Intro to Clinical Skills (4 decks)

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