ice/heat

Question 1

conduction

Answer 1

transfer from a one object to another by direct physical contact

Question 2

convection

Answer 2

transfer by movement of air or fluid moving past a body part

Question 3

Radiation

Answer 3

transfer from one object to another object by transmission of electromagnetic energy (microwave

Question 4

goals for and heat (4)

Answer 4

↓ pain and stiffness
Alleviate muscle spasms
↑ ROM and tissue extensibility
Improve tissue healing by ↑ blood flow

Question 5

Do you apply heat to edema

Answer 5

no, because increase edema

Question 6

how many degree C increase to tissue temp equals 2-3x increase in cellular oxidating rate

Answer 6

10 degrees

Question 7

mechanism elasticity of nonelastic tissue

Answer 7

increase extensibility of collagen tissue

Question 8

mechanism of improve joint stiffness

Answer 8

Increased tissue extensibility and decreased viscosity

Question 9

mechanism of muscle spasm

Answer 9

Decreased firing of muscle spindles and increased firing of GTO fibers reduces alpha motor neuron activity

Question 10

contraindication of heat (6)

Answer 10

Acute inflammatory conditions
Absent sensation
DVT
Impaired cognitive function
Malignant tumor in area of application
Tendency toward hemorrhage

Question 11

precaustion heat (7)

Answer 11

Cardiac insufficiency
Edema
Decreased sensation
Decreased mentation
Impaired circulation
Metal in treatment area
Demyelinated nerves

Question 12

moist hot pack method

Answer 12

conduction

Question 13

how many layers to cover

Answer 13

Must be wrapped in 6-8 layers (hydrocollator covers = 2 layers)

Question 14

medthod parafin bath

Answer 14

conduction

Question 15

ratio of paraffin wax with oil

Answer 15

6:1 or 7:1 ratio

Question 16

whirlpool method

Answer 16

convection

Question 17

PVD temperature for whirlpool

Answer 17

95°F-100°F

Question 18

precautions for whirlpool (3)

Answer 18

decreased sensation, decreased cognition, recent skin graft

Question 19

Fluidotherapy method

Answer 19

convection

Question 20

temperature for fluidotherapy

Answer 20

102-118 degrees F

Question 21

goals for ice (6)

Answer 21

↓ pain
Reduce inflammation or swelling
Alleviate muscle spasm
Reduce spasticity
Management in multiple sclerosis
Cryostretch- muscle spasm

Question 22

Physiological effects of ice (5)

Answer 22

Decrease meeatbolism=decrease inflammation and edema
decrease muscle spasm
decrease nerve conduction velocity
decrease pain/increase pain thereshold
increases joint stifffness

Question 23

AE with small cold application (5)

Answer 23

Facial flush, puffiness in eyelids, respiratory problems, in severe cases anaphylaxis (decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate) with syncope

Question 24

Raynaud disease treatment (3)

Answer 24

avoid cold
Calcium channel blockers
phosphodiesterase inhibitiors

Question 25

contraindictors for cold (8)

Answer 25

Cold hypersensitivity (urticarial) Cold intolerance Cryoglobulinemia- proteins stick together in the cold Peripheral vascular disease Severe impaired temperature sensation Raynaud’s diseases Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria Over regenerating peripheral nerves

Question 26

vapo-coolant method

Answer 26

evaporation

Question 27

goal for vapo-coolant

Answer 27

reduce muscle spasm and desentize trigger points

Question 28

what to do after vaop-coolant

Answer 28

Passively stretch after application, then apply moist heat Have patient perform active exercise after application of moist heat

Question 29

dosage for contrast bath

Answer 29

Continue sequence 5-6 times of 4:1 (warm:cold) usually ending in warm water, but may end with cold if goal is edema reduction

Question 30

physiological effects for pulsed (nonthermal) short wave diathermy (2)

Answer 30

Increased cell growth and phagocytosis May help healing of wounds and diabetic ulcers

Question 31

indications for short wave diathermy (nonthermal) (4)

Answer 31

Pain control Decrease edema Resolution of acute and chronic infections Wound control and soft tissue healing

Question 32

which wave you have to cover with a towel

Answer 32

shortwave