ice/heat Flashcards
conduction
transfer from a one object to another by direct physical contact
convection
transfer by movement of air or fluid moving past a body part
Radiation
transfer from one object to another object by transmission of electromagnetic energy (microwave
goals for and heat (4)
↓ pain and stiffness
Alleviate muscle spasms
↑ ROM and tissue extensibility
Improve tissue healing by ↑ blood flow
Do you apply heat to edema
no, because increase edema
how many degree C increase to tissue temp equals 2-3x increase in cellular oxidating rate
10 degrees
mechanism elasticity of nonelastic tissue
increase extensibility of collagen tissue
mechanism of improve joint stiffness
Increased tissue extensibility and decreased viscosity
mechanism of muscle spasm
Decreased firing of muscle spindles and increased firing of GTO fibers reduces alpha motor neuron activity
contraindication of heat (6)
Acute inflammatory conditions
Absent sensation
DVT
Impaired cognitive function
Malignant tumor in area of application
Tendency toward hemorrhage
precaustion heat (7)
Cardiac insufficiency
Edema
Decreased sensation
Decreased mentation
Impaired circulation
Metal in treatment area
Demyelinated nerves
moist hot pack method
conduction
how many layers to cover
Must be wrapped in 6-8 layers (hydrocollator covers = 2 layers)
medthod parafin bath
conduction
ratio of paraffin wax with oil
6:1 or 7:1 ratio
whirlpool method
convection
PVD temperature for whirlpool
95°F-100°F
precautions for whirlpool (3)
decreased sensation, decreased cognition, recent skin graft
Fluidotherapy method
convection
temperature for fluidotherapy
102-118 degrees F
goals for ice (6)
↓ pain
Reduce inflammation or swelling
Alleviate muscle spasm
Reduce spasticity
Management in multiple sclerosis
Cryostretch- muscle spasm
Physiological effects of ice (5)
Decrease meeatbolism=decrease inflammation and edema
decrease muscle spasm
decrease nerve conduction velocity
decrease pain/increase pain thereshold
increases joint stifffness
AE with small cold application (5)
Facial flush, puffiness in eyelids, respiratory problems, in severe cases anaphylaxis (decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate) with syncope
Raynaud disease treatment (3)
avoid cold
Calcium channel blockers
phosphodiesterase inhibitiors
contraindictors for cold (8)
Cold hypersensitivity (urticarial)
Cold intolerance
Cryoglobulinemia- proteins stick together in the cold
Peripheral vascular disease
Severe impaired temperature sensation
Raynaud’s diseases
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Over regenerating peripheral nerves
vapo-coolant method
evaporation
goal for vapo-coolant
reduce muscle spasm and desentize trigger points
what to do after vaop-coolant
Passively stretch after application, then apply moist heat
Have patient perform active exercise after application of moist heat
dosage for contrast bath
Continue sequence 5-6 times of 4:1 (warm:cold) usually ending in warm water, but may end with cold if goal is edema reduction
physiological effects for pulsed (nonthermal) short wave diathermy (2)
Increased cell growth and phagocytosis
May help healing of wounds and diabetic ulcers
indications for short wave diathermy (nonthermal) (4)
Pain control
Decrease edema
Resolution of acute and chronic infections
Wound control and soft tissue healing
which wave you have to cover with a towel
shortwave
