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CP3 > Compression > Flashcards

Compression Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Edema?

A

Unregulated BP
Plasma proteins imbalance
Lymphatic flow obstruction
Venous insufficiency

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2
Q

What is edema?

A

Fluid in the extra-cellular tissue spaces

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3
Q

What is in lymphatic fluid?

A

Proteins, water, and macrophages

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4
Q

What causes systemic edema? (3)

A

CHF, hypoalbuminemia, kidney dysfuction

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5
Q

What kind of pattern systemic edema?

A

Broad, non-discerning edematous pattern

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6
Q

Consequences of Edema? (6)

A

Decreased ROM
Functional limitations
Decreased somatosensory input
Pain
Increased collagen leading to fibrosis
Ultimately may lead to contracture, increased risk of infection, amputation

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7
Q

Pitting edema scale

A

1+ Barely detectable depression when finger is depressed into the skin
2+ Slight indentation. 15 seconds to rebound
3+ Deeper indentation. 30 seconds to rebound
4+ > 30 seconds to rebound

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8
Q

What to be cautious about with the volumetric measurement of edema?

A

open wounds

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9
Q

What are 3 ways to reduce edema?

A

Improved venous and lymphatic circulation
Physical barrier to limit the size and shape of tissue
increased tissue temperature

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10
Q

What is some compression uses? (4)

A

reducing vascular or lymphatic edema
DVT prevention
Shaping of a residual limb following amputation
healing in venous insufficient wound areas

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11
Q

Contraindications for Compression? (9)

A

Trauma/fracture
Acute DVT
Completely obstructed lymph or venous return
Arterial disease/insufficiency
Acute pulmonary edema
Loss of sensation
Impaired cognition
Infection in treatment area
Hypoproteinemia (<2g/dL)

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12
Q

Precautions for Compression (3)

A

Decreased sensation
Malignancy
Uncontrolled hypertension

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13
Q

What kind of pressure in highly extensible bandages?

A

High resting pressure and low working pressure

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14
Q

Relatively inelastic bandages pressure?

A

low resting pressure, high working pressure

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15
Q

Cons of highly elastic bandages? (3)

A
  • May slide down the extremity
  • Difficult to apply even tension
  • Quickly loose their elastic properties
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16
Q

Low Stretch Bandages Pro/Cons? (2/2)

A

+ Higher working pressure generated, rather than resting pressure (less likely to impede circulation)
+ More fool-proof for application of compressive forces
- Not as effective at removing edema as highly elastic bandages
- Less comfortable to wear than highly elastic bandages

17
Q

Semi-Rigid Bandages Pros/cons? (2)

A

+ Useful for less compliant patients, as it remains in place for several days
+ Eliminates daily dressing changes
- Must be protected from the environment (shower)
- pressure areas if not correctly applied

18
Q

Contraindications for Bandages? (5)

A

Patients with arterial disease (ABI < 0.8)
Patient inability to remove bandage (physical or mental)
Allergy to component
Active wound infection at bandage site
Active cellulitis at bandage site

19
Q

Garments Contraindications? (2)

A

Patients with arterial disease
Allergy to component

20
Q

Garments precautions? (1)

A

Not recommended for open wounds

21
Q

Mechanical compression works by?

A

increase tissue temperature
Increase pressure in the interstitial spaces forces the fluid to move into the lymphatic and venous systems

22
Q

When do you use Non-dynamic pump? (2)

A

Utilized for DVT prophylaxis in sedentary patients
Should be utilized any time the patient is not ambulating

23
Q

What kind of pressure in dynamic pump?

A

Varying pressure, force applied and released cyclically

24
Q

general guidelines for pumps (2)

A

Check patient’s blood pressure, BP determines device settings
Set inflation and deflation ratio to ~3:1 (generally for edema reduction, 45-90 seconds on/15-30 seconds off); to shape residual limb 4:1 often used

25
Q

how long to wear pump if patient has lymphedema?

A

2-3 hours daily

26
Q

what should not be felt when using a pump?

A

numbness, tingling, pulsating, or pain

27
Q

Contrainindications for Pump (7)

A

DVT, thrombophlebitis
Acute cardiac failure
Obstructed lymphatic of venous flow
Arterial disease
Fracture
Local Infection
Significant hypoproteinemia- protein levels < 2 g/dl

28
Q

Precautions for pumps? (6)

A

CHF
impaired sensation or mentation
Uncontrolled HTN
CVA
valve insufficiency
never adjust pressure greater than diastolic pressure

CP3 (7 decks)

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