IC12 ✅ Flashcards
what are the 4 types of media cultures
all purpose
enriched
differential
selective
what are the all purpose agars
tryptic soy
mueller hinton
what are the enriched mediums
blood
chocolate
loeffler’s serum (horse serum)
what do the enriched mediums test for
blood - strept
chocolate - neisseria and influenza
horse serum - corynebacterium
what are the selective mediums
macconkey
lowenstein jensen
xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD)
mannitol salt
thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose sugar (high PH)
out of the selective mediums which one is not differential
lowenstein jensen
what do the selective mediums test for
macconkey - gram negative and lactose fermenting vs not
xld - shigella and salmonella (salmoenlla is black but shigella is not black)
mannitol salt – staphylococcus
lowenstein jensen - mycobacterium tuberculosis
bile - vibrio cholerae and sucrose fermenting and not
what is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal
the former stimulates immune response to deal with the bacteria while the latter eithers leaves the immune response unaffected or stimulates it due to the endotoxins produced
what are all the mechanisms of antibiotic action
cell wall disruptors
inhibition of protein synthesis
inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
inhibition of metabolic pathways
inhibitors of membrane function
what are the groups and examples of inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
fluoroquinolones - ciprofloxacin , levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin
rifampicin
what are the groups and examples of inhibition of metabolic pathways (bacterial)
sulphonamides - sulphomethoxazole, sulphones, trimethoprim
NA - isoniazid
what are the groups and examples of inhibitors of membrane function (bacterial)
lipopeptides - daptomycin
polymyxins - polymyxin B , polymyxin E
what are the groups and examples of cell wall disruptors (bacterial)
beta lactams - penicillin, carbapenems , monobactems , 5th gen cephalosporin
glycopeptides - vanomycin
bacitracin - bacitracin
what is the MOA of drug inactivation of tobramycin
modification of functional groups
what are the groups and examples of inhibition of protein synthesis (bacterial)
aminoglycosides - streptomycin, tobramycin, gentamycin, neomycin
tetracyclines - doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline
macrolides - erythromycin, azithromycin
lincosamides - lindomycin, clindamycin
chloramphenicol
what is the MOA of drug inactivation of beta lactam
beta lactamases breaking the lactam ring
what is the MOA of drug inactivation of rifampin
glycoslyation, phosphorylation or adenosine diphosphate ribosylation
what is the use of augmentin
for the beta lactamases to bind to it instead of the ring
what are the MOA of antifungal drugs
inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis
disruption of cell wall by binding to the ergosterol of cell membrane
inhibit microtubules and cell devision
inhibit cell wall synthesis
what are the groups and examples of inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis
imidazoles - miconazole , ketoconazole, clotrimazole
triazole - fluonazole
allylamines - terbinafine
what are the groups and examples of inhibition of cell wall synthesis
echinocandins - caspofungin
what are the groups and examples of inhibition of cell division and microtubules
griseofluvin
what are the groups and examples of disrupting cell membrane
polyenes - amphotericin B
