IBWT Mussolini Vocab Flashcards
Gabriele D’Annunzio
Italian poet, playwright, orator, journalist, aristocrat, and Royal Italian Army officer during World War I; associated with the Arditi; set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume; nationalist and influence on Mussolini
Giuseppe Bottai
Italian journalist and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini; journalist for Il Popolo d’Italia; participated in March on Rome
Galeazzo Ciano
Italian statesman and diplomat; married Mussolini’s daughter; influential in bringing about Italy’s entry into World War II;
Antonio Gramsci
Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician; founding member of Italian Communist Party; imprisoned in 1926
Giacomo Matteotti
Italian Socialist politician; spoke out against Fascists in 1924 election; kidnapped and killed by fascists
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist and authoritarian leader; prime minister and Il Duce
King Victor Emmanuel III
King of Italy throughout the life of the Fascist Party
Pope Pius XI
Pope throughout life of Fascist Italy; first sovereign of Vatican City; signed Lateran Treaties
Giovanni Gentile
Fascist Italian philosopher and pedagogue; “philosopher of fascism”; Minister of Public Education
Haile Selassie
Emperor of Ethiopia (Abyssinia); attempted to modernize Ethiopia; struggled against Italian invasion
Superficial Italian Unification
consolidation into Kingdom of Italy; people still felt disconnected from Italian identity
Terra Irredenta
Irredeemed land for Italy; left them feeling incomplete
Italy’s Participation in WWI
Italy waited to officially join the war in order to have the most benefit; eventually joined on the side of the Triple Entente (Allies) due to promised land gains upon victory; mostly focused on fighting Austria-Hungary
1919 Treaty of Versailles
ended WWI, with months of negotiations; largely punished Germany and promised peace; Italy received some territory but not all that was promised; Italy received a small portion of German reparation payments; Italian delegates were angered, left negotiations
1919-1920 Biennio Rosso
two red years; intense social conflict in Italy following WWI; ended by Blackshirts’ March on Rome; economic crisis, high unemployment; rampant instability; characterized by mass strikes and demonstrations; anarchy on the rise;
Il Popolo d’Italia
Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943; founded by Mussolini as a pro-war newspaper during World War I; later became the main newspaper of the Fascist movement in Italy after the war
Arditi
a Royal Italian Army elite special force of World War I; would go on to make-up a portion of the Blackshirts
March on Rome
organized mass demonstration and coup in 1922; resulted in rise of Fascist Party and Mussolini’s appointment as Prime Minister
Squadristi / black shirts
aka Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN); originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA; wore black shirts
Ras
local leaders/mob bosses that led local squadristi troops; inspired fear and violence for control in their regions
1922 Mussolini Appointed Prime Minister
Mussolini appointed Prime Minister by the King in order to put an end to the March on Rome
MVSN
Voluntary Militia for National Security; commonly called the Blackshirts; paramilitary enforcement organization for the fascist party
Acerbo Law
Constitutional Changes
