IBTS - Blood Component Production Flashcards
What are the main reasons transfusion is needed
A lifesaving therapy
To enhance quality of life for patients
1 in 4 will need a transfusion
To treat anaemima
Transfusion dependent patients -> SCD
To help oncology patients through treatment -> blood + platelets
Neonates and fetal transfusion - HDFN
Write about the phlebotomy step of donation
Donor is bled into a pack containing CPD
Four sample tubes are also taken
Bag sits on a weigher/mixer
Donor is thanked and provided with refreshments
Blood is put on a colling tray which rapidly cools blood from 37 degrees to 22 (platelets)
What anticoagulant is used in the blood packs?
CPD
How many mls is in a standard donation
470 mls
What are the different bags used
Bottom and top pack
Top and top packs
X packs for neonatal suitable donors -> for exchange transfusions or IUTs
Y packs for neonatal use -> split into paedi packs
What is a BAT pack used for
Red cells
Plasma
Buffy coat
What is a TAT pack used for
Red cells
Plasma
Talk about the storage of blood straight after donation
Brought down to 22 degrees celsius immediately
Stored overnight for phagocytosis to occur within the pack -> reduced risk of TRI from donor skin plug
22 degrees ensures platelet survival
Why can the rbc pack survive overnight initially at 22 degrees and not 4
RBCs only need to be stored at 4 degrees after separation
=> can survive at 22 degrees as part of a whole blood unit
What is first done to a donation pack after overnight storage at 22 degrees?
First thing in the morning the pack is centrifuged
Why do we split our whole blood into components
To make the most of our donations -> many patients only need one product e.g. platelets and not whole blood
To prevent TACO in our patients
To optimise shelf life of our products -> all components have different conditions -> extend the life of all of these through separation
To weigh each component and ensure it meets our quality parameters i.e. is of high quality and will give the patient the best chance at uptake etc
Why are different centrifugation speeds needed for different packs
Is the blood being used to make pools (TB) or not (TT)
Top and bottom bags require slower speeds to prevent platelet activation
After spinning we will also leave the buffy coat to rest to prevent platelet activation
Top and top bags under go stronger centrifugation as we do not need to separate out platelets
What is done to T and T bags after spinning
Leucodepletion - through ultrafiltration
List some of the different products made in the IBTS
Red cell concentrates
Pooled platelets
Apheresis platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Granulocytes
Neonatal paedi packs
Intra-uterine transfusion packs
Exchange transfusion pakcs
Write about the role of quality in product product
Legally required to have a quality management system in place
Legally required to QC test 1% of products but we test a lot more
- 5% of red cells
- 100% of platelets and any unusual products e.g. washed rbcs
