Ib History Vocab test Flashcards
Sakoku
Japanese word for Closed Country, closed off due to fear of western ideas/Christianity
Shogun
Most powerful Military lord, ruler of japan but not most powerful. Eventually takes complete power from the emperor
Diet
A public representative body of the government (people that represent the people)
Black Ships
gunboats powered by coal (steam boats) that were used to threaten Japan and other Asian nations into complying with the U.S.
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854 - opened ports for fueling due to Commodore Perry’s influence. Granted U.S. the status of “most-favored nation” (other countries i.e. Russia had access too, but not same status as U.S.)
Meiji Restoration
Meiji turned japan into a modernized and westernized country. Wants to create a rich country that has a strong millitary.Samurai follow. They focus on honor, courage, skill and loyalty above everything else. Its what makes Japan’s military like crazy
Zaibatsu
“wealthy clique”, western idea brought into Japan, huge corporations that dominated Japanese economy and had deep ties with the military
Sun Goddess
A god in shintoism, emperors were believed to be descendents of her.
Throwing Off Asia
Deal with China and Korea as the West would, become a “first-class country,” manifest destiny
Article Five of the Charter Oath
1868 - part of military reforms; how Japan will seek worldly knowledge in particular creation of a modern army and navy; military training from Prussia and purchased three warships from Britains.
Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors:
1882 - Emperor’s official code of ethics for military personnel (they had to memorize); soilders instructed to be personally loyal avoid politics, live simply and respect civilians
Samurai Legacy/Bushido Code
recommitted to emperor and military
Esprit-de-corps
The feeling of loyalty and pride that comes from being part of a particular group. Comes from France, also used in the Industrial revolution.
Triple Intervention
Germany, Russia, and France meet to discuss concerns about Japan’s growing power and force Japan to give up Liaodong Peninsula (which Russia takes)
Anglo-Japanese Alliance:
1902 - ended Japan’s diplomatic isolation, first time a military alliance was signed by a western and non-western country
to counter Russia’s expansion into East Asia - let br and Japan be a little less afraid of the soviets
Twenty-One Demands
With the Allies distracted ww1, Japan secretly issued China a list of demands. Demands for German holdings, privileges in S. Manchuria, no leasing of coastal territory to other powers, installment of Japanese “advisors” in China’s government
demands modified
Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese war, gave Japan land on the Liaodong Peninsula
Russia was not forced to pay indemnity! outrage for Japan
Racial Equality Clause
Japan requested a Racial Equality Clause to be added in the Charter of the League of Nations. This was rejected because leaders of Britain and the US feared negative impacts of it being added. This was a reminder to Japan of their standing with Western countries.
Washington Treaty System
The treaties that Japan signed to limit its power with the west.
Four Power Treaty
Britain, US, Japan, and France, agree to confer if rights or possessions are threatened.
Nine Power Treaty
Nine countries agree to all abuse china simultaneously and not have any one take too much control/ avoid war
Five Power Naval Treaty
US, Britain, Italy, France, and Japan limit tonnage of battleships and aircraft carriers by specific ratio (5:5:3)
Taisho Democracy
The attempt to limit the militaries power. Joins league of nations, Prime Minister position awarded based on experience, not status
Takashi Hara
First PM to be elected to Diet, The Great Commoner. A moderate who emphasized on cultural freedom.
assassinated
May 15th Incident
Koda-Ha assassinated the prime minister in 1932. They then assassinated two more political leaders, and the Tosei- Ha became dominant.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff:
Tariff that made trading in America more difficult, as a result of the depression. Silk became worth ⅕ of what it had been. 200% higher on Japanese duties.
Kwantung Army:
Japanese army; Since 1906 the southern Manchurian railway was guarded by Kwantung garrison in 1919 developed into Kwantung army (Became a stronghold of Kodo-ha faction).
Dark Valley
(1932-1936) Military vying for power in response to political instability (between K-oh and T-oh) Ended with Tosei-ha on top- no expansion
Imperial Way Faction
Koda-ha, spiritual and radical faction that believed military dictatorship would deliver state socialism, believed that war with Soviets was inevitable and conquering Manchuria would be the 1st step to this
Mukden Incident
Explosion on Southern Manchurian railway, Japan blames China, however there is evidence that Japan was responsible
1931
Manchukuo
1932
Name for the Japanese-controlled territory of Manchuria, not recognized by the rest of the world
New Order of East Asia
Japan declared a political, cultural, and economic union between Japan, Manchukuo, and China. Prince Konoe publicly declared Japan’s aim of creating the union.
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
1937
Japanese forces from Korea went to the Marco Polo bridge, attacking China , the start of the second Sino jap war
Rape of Nanking
Happened in 1937-38 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Japan marched into the city of Nanking and brutally killed 300,000 people.
Stimson Doctrine
Secretary Stimson issued the Stimson Doctrine in early 1932. This Doctrine stated that the United States would not recognize any treaty or agreement between Japan and China that violated U.S. rights or agreements
Tripartite Pact
An agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin in 1940. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the nation if they got attacked. The US seized Japanese money and property to stop them.
Soviet-Japanese Non-Aggression Pact
Japanese Russo signed so that Japan can be assured that Russia will not do anything if they expand
Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Extension of New Order in East Asia which stated that Japan would continue to attack indochina + expansion
Lytton commission
British press investigating Japanese action pertaining to the Machuria/Japan/China issue
determined that Manchuria should be an independent state under China, but Japan’s reasons for their desire for Manchuria and their actions were understood to an extent
Second Sino Japanese War
started in 1937 by the Marco Polo Bridge Incident - Japan surrenders in 1945
results: Japan proposes New Order in East Asia (1938)
stretched Japan’s supply lines
Kellog Briand Pact
1928
Pact between league of nations +others to not solve conflict with war
Peace Preservation Law
Law in Japan that opposed any citizen who had opposition to the political structure of Japan (Communists)
1925
Treaty of Shimonoskei
treaty that stated that Japan got Manchuria, Taiwan, Korea, and southern Machuria as a result of the FIRST sino (china) Japanese war
First Sino Japanese War
1894- 1895
Japan vs China (Japan wins)
war fought over the ownership of Korea
Japan benefits with ownership of tiawaan, Korea, s. Manchuria , but was forced to return Liadong via the Tripple Intervention
treaty of kanGHwa/ Japan - Korea Treaty of Aminty
not to be confused with treaty of KANAgawa (US- Jap)
treaty by Japan and backed by gunboat diplomacy which forced Korea into unequal treaties with Japan - gave Japan most favored nation status - china upset
Soviet - Japanese Non aggression Pact
Pact between Russia and Japan that states that soviets could focus on Europe while Japan focuses south, and that they basically wouldn’t interfere with each other
shidehara Kijuro
Japanese ambassador to Washington, had good international relations, peaceful economic development, foreign minister,
tripple intervention
When russia persuaded France and Germany to make Japan give up Liadong
