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4th Year - 1st Sem > IA 2 - UNIT 3 > Flashcards

IA 2 - UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Benefits of Incorporating Security Considerations

A
  1. Early integration reduces disruptions and costs.
  2. Ongoing security adaptation to evolving threats.
  3. Retrofitting post-incident is costly and less effective.
  4. Regular updates to the security plan are vital.
  5. Documenting decisions aids comprehensive coverage and audits.
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2
Q

is the overall process of creating, implementing, and decommissioning information systems through a multistep process from initiation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance to disposal.

A

system development life cycle

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3
Q

SDLC Phases

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Development
  3. Implementation
  4. Maintenance
  5. Disposal
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4
Q

INITIATION PHASE

A
  • Need establishment
  • Security categorization
  • Initial Risk Assessment
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5
Q

DEVELOPMENT/ACQUISITION PHASE

A
  • Requirement analysis/ development
  • Risk assessment
  • Budgeting
  • Security planning
  • Security control development
  • Security test and evaluation
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6
Q

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

A
  • Security test and evaluation
  • Inspection and acceptance
  • System integration/installation
  • Security accreditation
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7
Q

OPERATION/MAINTENANCE PHASE

A
  • Configuration management and control
  • Continuous monitoring and continuous accreditation (authorization)\
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8
Q

2 Layer of Defense

A
  1. Physical security of premises and offices
  2. Physical security of equipment
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9
Q

Main Threats For Physical and Environmental Security

A
  • Energy (Electricity)
  • Equipment (Mechanical or electronic components) Fire and Chemical Hazard (smoke, industrial pollution)
  • Manmade Disasters (war, terrorist attack, bombing) Natural Disaster (earthquake, volcano, landslide, storms)
  • Pandemic Disease (bacteria, virus) Radiation (electromagnetic pulse)
  • Weather (Sandstorm, humidity, flood, lightning)
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10
Q

DISPOSAL PHASE

A

Information preservation Media sanitization
Hardware and software disposal

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11
Q
  • Premises that contain critical information or systems require special protection.

The following controls are related to the physical security of premises.
* One of the controls is to establish the security perimeter as the outer boundary.
* This perimeter should contain all critical assets. Within this perimeter, there may be more secure areas or enclaves.

A

Physical security of premises and offices

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12
Q
  • Protect information-processing equipment physically to minimize the risk of unauthorized access to information and to safeguard against loss or damage.
  • Offsite computing systems for reconstitution or contingency operations should also be addressed in a physical security plan.
A

Physical security of equipment

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13
Q

Physical Entry Controls

A
  • Employee Access
  • Visitor Access
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14
Q

Positive identification and access control are mandatory; therefore, all employees should be required to always wear some form of visible identification (ID badge) whenever they are on the premises.

A

Employee Access

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15
Q

require redundancy in electric power system availability. (UPS or Backup Generators)

A

Electrical Power

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16
Q
  • Maintenance of information processing equipment based on the manufacturer’s recommended service intervals and specifications.
  • All maintenance services to the equipment either onsite or sent off from the premises also need to be recorded and tracked.
A

Equipment Maintenance

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17
Q

Use of any equipment outside an organization’s premises should be authorized by management.

A

PHYSICAL SECURITY OF EQUIPMENT OFF-PREMISES

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18
Q

Careless disposal, disposition, or recycling of equipment can put information at risk.

A

SECURE DISPOSAL AND REUSE OF EQUIPMENT

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19
Q

These devices can help mitigate the risks associated with malicious code and the loss of proprietary information by raising employee awareness about removable media usage policies and minimizing potential damage.

A

MANAGEMENT OF REMOVABLE MEDIA

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20
Q

Disposal of Media
The following are some guidelines of proper media disposal:

A
  1. Electronic media
  2. Printed materials
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21
Q
  • containing sensitive customer information should be degaussed prior to disposal.
  • Degaussing completely erases the information stored on the magnetic surface.
A

Electronic media

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22
Q

which hold confidential and restricted data, should be
destroyed in a secure way, such as by shredding

A

Printed materials

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23
Q

An effective AT&E program has four stages:

A

literacy, awareness, training, and education (LATE).

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24
Q
  • To cultivate a strong information assurance culture among employees, emphasize the organization’s commitment to safeguarding information assets through training
A

Purpose of the AT&E Program

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25
Q

Types of Learning Programs

A
  1. IA AWARENESS
  2. IA TRAINING
  3. IA EDUCATION
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26
Q

serve to motivate a sense of responsibility and encourage employees to be more cautious about their work environment.

A

IA AWARENESS

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27
Q

Training aims to teach or improve an individual’s skill, knowledge, or attitude, which allows a person to carry out a specific function.

A

IA TRAINING

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28
Q

Using internalized concepts and skills to perform operations such as analyzing, evaluating, and judging to reach **higher cognitive-level decisions **.

A

IA EDUCATION

29
Q

Restrict internet access for end users, enabling administrators to block specific websites based on local policies.

A

Content Filters

30
Q

Examples of protocols that implement network services

A
  1. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
  2. Transport Layer Security (TLS)
  3. IP Security (IPSec) protocols
31
Q

preferred information security protocols in web environments

A

TLS and SSL

32
Q

are preferred for implementing virtual private networks (VPNs).

A

IPSec

33
Q

Preventive Information Assurance Tools

A
  1. backup
  2. Change and Configuration Management
  3. IT Support
  4. Media Controls and Documentation
  5. Patch Management
34
Q

Primary information assurance control.

A

FIREWALLS

35
Q

Enforces organizational infosec policies by analyzing network traffic (Content- based and Anomaly-based)

A

NETWORK INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM

36
Q

Serve as intermediaries between clients and the internet. (e.g., gateway)

A

PROXY SERVERS

37
Q

A secure network that uses the Internet for user connections, ensuring security through encryption. (e.g., IPSec, SSL, and PPTP)

A

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS

38
Q

Provides secure communication over unsecured networks.

A

PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE

39
Q

In a dynamic tech landscape, organizations must adapt and bolster their security measures.

A

Preventive Information Assurance Controls

40
Q

Vital for information assurance, providing copies of data, software, and hardware. (e.g., full, differential, incremental, and mirror)

A

Backups

41
Q

Organizations must adapt constantly in an ever-changing environment. (e.g., alliances, market demands, competition, operations, and regulations)

A

Change and Configuration Management

42
Q

Handles various issues. Trained technicians
address security problems.

A

IT Support

43
Q

Securing information goes beyond servers;
* Environmental safeguards against fires, temperature, and humidity issues.
* Usage logging (e.g., check-in/check-out).
* Maintenance (data overwriting, disposal).
* Unauthorized access prevention.
* Proper labeling (owner, date, version, classification).
* Storage options (off-site or locked server rooms).

A

Media Controls and Documentation

44
Q

Involves timely and planned updates
* Establishing dedicated resources
* Monitoring/identifying patches
* Identifying risk in applying a patch
* Testing a patch before installing

A

Patch Management

45
Q

should protect vital resources not only from unauthorized external access but also from internal attacks.

A

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

46
Q

prevents actions on an object (target to be accessed) by unauthorized users (subjects).

A

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

47
Q

is the first line of defense to protect the system from unauthorized modification

A

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

48
Q

ACCESS CONTROL TYPES

A
  1. physical
  2. logical
49
Q

it serves as an auditing tool (to trace information security breaches, incidents, and events).

A

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

50
Q
  • Organizations usually manage physical access with human, technological, or mechanical controls.
  • A physical control might be biometric identification technology used to restrict entry to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons.
A

PHYSICAL

51
Q
  • Logical access controls manage access based on processes such as identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability.
  • Examples of logical access controls are digital signatures and hashing.
A

LOGICAL

52
Q

Access Control Models

A
  1. Discretionary
  2. Mandatory
  3. Role-based
53
Q
  • Owner of the object determines the access policy.
  • Owner decides which subjects may access the object and what privileges the subject has.
  • This model is adapted by Windows, Apple and various linux system
A

Discretionary

54
Q
  • control access to sensitive or controlled data in systems with multiple level classification
  • Owner does not establish access policy since the system decides on the access control based on the information security classification and policy rules
A

Mandatory

55
Q
  • Uses a centrally managed set of rules, which grants access to objects based on the roles of the subject
  • Since subjects are not assigned permission directly like other models, they acquire it through roles and the management of access becomes relatively easier
A

Role-based

56
Q
  • uses simple rules to determine the result of privileges, which a subject can have over an object.
  • determines what can and cannot be allowed.
A

RULE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL

57
Q
  • a static, abstract, formal computer protection and information assurance model used in computer systems
  • represents the relationship of subjects and objects in a tabulated form
A

ACCESS CONTROL MATRIX

58
Q

a list containing information about the individual or group permission given to an object; the ACL specifies the access level and functions allowed onto the object.

A

ACCESS CONTROL LISTS

59
Q

ACCESS CONTROL LISTS TWO TYPES

A
  1. Network
  2. File system
60
Q

implemented on servers and routers

A

Network

61
Q

implement file access by tracking subjects’ access to objects

A

File System

62
Q

Access Control Techniques

A
  1. rule-based access control
  2. access control matrix
  3. access control list
  4. capability table
  5. contrained user interfaces
  6. content-dependent access control
  7. context-dependent access control
63
Q
  • an authorization table that identifies a subject and specifies the access right allowed to that subject
  • the rows list the capabilities that the subject can have
  • frequently used to implement the RBAC model
A

CAPABILITY TABLES

64
Q
  • technique is used in databases
  • access to objects is dependent on the content of the objects aims at controlling the availability of information by means of views
A

CONTENT-DEPENDENT ACCESS CONTROL

65
Q

defines the access controls of a subject on objects based on a context or situation

A

CONTEXT-DEPENDENT ACCESS CONTROL

66
Q
  • contained in a department, unit or information security administrator
  • ensures uniformity
  • simplified method and cost effective
  • slow because all changes are processed by single entity
A

ACCESS CONTROL ADMINISTRATION - CENTRALIZED

67
Q
  • gives control to people who are closer to the objects
  • does not ensure uniformity more relaxed
  • faster since changes are made to function rather to the whole organization
A

ACCESS CONTROL ADMINISTRATION -DECENTRALIZED

68
Q

a way to limit access of subjects to a resource or information by presenting them with only the information, function, or access to the resource for which they have privileges.

A

CONSTRAINED USER INTERFACES

4th Year - 1st Sem (12 decks)

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