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1 Anatomy > I. Meninges > Flashcards

I. Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

2 Layers

External periosteal layer and inner meningeal layer

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2
Q

What are the layers of the dura?

A

2 Layers

External periosteal layer and inner meningeal layer

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3
Q

Which layer of dura extends beyond foramen magnum?

A

Inner meningeal layer extends beyond FM and forms spinal dura

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4
Q

Where does the dura end in the spine?

A

S2

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5
Q

What is the arachnoid made of?

A

Fibroblasts, collagen fibers and some elastic fibers

With tight junctions

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6
Q

What are the layers of the pia?

A 
Intimal layer (avascular, nutrients from CSF)
Epipial layer (continuous with arachnoid trabeculae)
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7
Q

What is the dentate ligament?

A

Formed by pia

Stretches from midpoint between dorsal and ventral roots on lateral spinal cord surface and attach to arachnoid/dura

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8
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Extension of epipia and continues from S2 and ends as the coccygeal ligament

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9
Q

Virchow-Robin spaces

A

Perivascular potential space between blood vessels and surrounding sheath of leptomeninges entering nervous tissue

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10
Q

Blood supply to the meninges

A

Anterior meningeal: ophthalmic
Middle meningeal: maxillary
Posterior meningeal: occipita/vertebral

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11
Q

Blood supply to the tentorium

A

Cavernous ICA
SCA
Proximal PCA

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12
Q

Neural innervation to supratentorial dura

A

Anterior fossa: V1
Middle fossa: V2
Posterior fossa, mastoid air cells: V3

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13
Q

Neural innervation to infratentorial dura

A

Upper cervical roots (C2, C3)

Cranial nerve X

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14
Q

Neural innervation to spinal dura

A

Recurrent branches of spine

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15
Q

Embryologic origin of meninges

A

Ectoderm: leptomeninges, ependyma, neural parenchyma, glia

Mesoderm: dura, blood vessels

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16
Q

Function of CSF

A

Nutrient, waste, cushion, neurotransmitters, para/endocrine

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17
Q

Levels of these ions in CSF vs Plasma:

Na, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, uric acid, glucose

A

Na same
Higher Cl-
Lower K+, Ca2+, uric acid, glucose

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18
Q

Normal glucose level in CSF

A

45-80 mg/dL (2/3 of serum)

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19
Q

Normal protein in CSF

A
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20
Q

What level is used to assess CSF leak?

A

Beta-transferrin

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21
Q

Froin’s syndrome

A

CSF with high protein but normal cell count

Advanced spinal tumor/meningitis blocking CSF flow

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22
Q

CSF Specific Gravity

A

1.007

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23
Q

CSF pH

A

7.33-7.35

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24
Q

Traumatic CSF tap ratio of RBC to WBC

A

700 RBCs to 1 WBC

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25
Site of CSF production
70% choroid plexus 18% ultrafiltrate 12% metabolic H2O production
26
Increases or decreases CSF production: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Decreases
27
Increases or decreases CSF production: Norepinephrine
Decreases
28
Increases or decreases CSF production: Volatile anesthetics
Increases
29
Increases or decreases CSF production: CO2
Increases
30
Total volume of CSF in a 70kg man
150 mL total
31
Total volume of CSF within ventricles in a 70kg man
25 mL
32
Total volume of CSF made in a day
450 mL
33
Rate of CSF production mL/min or mL/h
0.3-0.37 mL/min | 20 mL/h
34
What cell type is the choroid plexus?
Single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding blood vessels. Site of CSF production
35
Where is choroid plexus located?
Roof of fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum/lateral recess of Luschka Posterior roof of 3rd ventricle Floor of bodies and roof of temporal horns
36
Where are arachnoid granulations most abundant?
Superior sagittal sinus
37
How is CSF absorption regulated?
Pressure-dependent one-way valve | Collapsing tubules that transmit CSF when ICP is 3-6 cm H2O > venous pressure
38
Monro-Kellie doctrine
Closed skull with fixed volume 1500 mL brain 150 mL blood 150 mL CSF
39
Normal ICP values
40
Which layer of dura extends beyond foramen magnum?
Inner meningeal layer extends beyond FM and forms spinal dura
41
Where does the dura end in the spine?
S2
42
What is the arachnoid made of?
Fibroblasts, collagen fibers and some elastic fibers | With tight junctions
43
What are the layers of the pia?
``` Intimal layer (avascular, nutrients from CSF) Epipial layer (continuous with arachnoid trabeculae) ```
44
What is the dentate ligament?
Formed by pia | Stretches from midpoint between dorsal and ventral roots on lateral spinal cord surface and attach to arachnoid/dura
45
What is the filum terminale?
Extension of epipia and continues from S2 and ends as the coccygeal ligament
46
Virchow-Robin spaces
Perivascular potential space between blood vessels and surrounding sheath of leptomeninges entering nervous tissue
47
Blood supply to the meninges
Anterior meningeal: ophthalmic Middle meningeal: maxillary Posterior meningeal: occipita/vertebral
48
Blood supply to the tentorium
Cavernous ICA SCA Proximal PCA
49
Neural innervation to supratentorial dura
Anterior fossa: V1 Middle fossa: V2 Posterior fossa, mastoid air cells: V3
50
Neural innervation to infratentorial dura
Upper cervical roots (C2, C3) | Cranial nerve X
51
Neural innervation to spinal dura
Recurrent branches of spine
52
Embryologic origin of meninges
Ectoderm: leptomeninges, ependyma, neural parenchyma, glia Mesoderm: dura, blood vessels
53
Function of CSF
Nutrient, waste, cushion, neurotransmitters, para/endocrine
54
Levels of these ions in CSF vs Plasma: | Na, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, uric acid, glucose
Na same Higher Cl- Lower K+, Ca2+, uric acid, glucose
55
Normal glucose level in CSF
45-80 mg/dL (2/3 of serum)
56
Normal protein in CSF
57
What level is used to assess CSF leak?
Beta-transferrin
58
Froin's syndrome
CSF with high protein but normal cell count | Advanced spinal tumor/meningitis blocking CSF flow
59
CSF Specific Gravity
1.007
60
CSF pH
7.33-7.35
61
Traumatic CSF tap ratio of RBC to WBC
700 RBCs to 1 WBC
62
Site of CSF production
70% choroid plexus 18% ultrafiltrate 12% metabolic H2O production
63
Increases or decreases CSF production: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Decreases
64
Increases or decreases CSF production: Norepinephrine
Decreases
65
Increases or decreases CSF production: Volatile anesthetics
Increases
66
Increases or decreases CSF production: CO2
Increases
67
Total volume of CSF in a 70kg man
150 mL total
68
Total volume of CSF within ventricles in a 70kg man
25 mL
69
Total volume of CSF made in a day
450 mL
70
Rate of CSF production mL/min or mL/h
0.3-0.37 mL/min | 20 mL/h
71
What cell type is the choroid plexus?
Single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding blood vessels. Site of CSF production
72
Where is choroid plexus located?
Roof of fourth ventricle Inferior medullary velum/lateral recess of Luschka Posterior roof of 3rd ventricle Floor of bodies and roof of temporal horns
73
Where are arachnoid granulations most abundant?
Superior sagittal sinus
74
How is CSF absorption regulated?
Pressure-dependent one-way valve | Collapsing tubules that transmit CSF when ICP is 3-6 cm H2O > venous pressure
75
Monro-Kellie doctrine
Closed skull with fixed volume 1500 mL brain 150 mL blood 150 mL CSF
76
Normal ICP values

1 Anatomy (7 decks)

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