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1
Q

Osmosis

This one is long, but try to grasp the concept, and you should be fine.

A

s the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. Most biological membranes are more permeable to water than to ions or other solutes, and water moves across them by osmosis from a solution of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration. Animal cells swell or shrink when placed in hypotonic or hypertonic solutions, respectively.

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2
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. Compare osmosis.

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3
Q

active transport

A

is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor (often a concentration gradient).

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4
Q

passive transport

A

is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the growth of entropy of the system.

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5
Q

Primary active transport

A

also called direct active transport, directly uses metabolic energy to transport molecules across a membrane

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6
Q

Secondary active transport

A

in contrast to primary active transport, there is no direct coupling of ATP; instead it relies upon the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping ions in/out of the cell.

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7
Q

ATPase

A

adenosine triphosphatase; an enzyme that converts ATP to ADP

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