Hysteria and Ethnic Scapegoating in Spain

Question 1

Impact of the Crusades on Jews

Answer 1

“Legacy of the Crusades – crusaders conveniently harassed and killed Jews in towns along the way to Middle East through central Europe.
Excuse: “Jews are to blame for the loss of our holy land”

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Question 2

Pogroms of 1348

Answer 2

The Prosecution of Jews for the Black Death. People believed they were the cause because of rumors such as Jews poisoning the wells.

Question 3

Aljames

Answer 3

nickname for Jewish Enclaves

Question 4

King Pedro IV

Answer 4

Symbolic Rebuke. He officially announced that he was most displeased with what was happening with the Jews and the beating and the punching. However, he did not punish anyone.

Question 5

Royal Protection of Jews

Answer 5

Though the commoners would treat jewish people like crap, the Nobles and other high class people had different ideas in mind. They provided protection to Jews from the commoners and asked for money in return. It is another form of extortion since Jews are depicted as wealthy and well-off. Protection doesn’t necessarily mean what it’s supposed to since Nobles could stop protecting the jews at any time and have the right to take their belongings.

Question 6

Culturally sanctioned economic extrotion

Answer 6

The Jews were offered protection (physically and socially) only if they provided more favorable loans. Basically they were extorted in different ways to be able to be accepted by the community. Jews were also believed to side with the Moors of Spain and that they were depicted as rich and infuential in their cities, which promoted extortion

Question 7

Easter Sunday anti-semitic ritual

Answer 7

The practice was that held by some Christians in which they would drag a jewish person in front of a church and punch them in the face.

Question 8

Expulsion of Jews in 1492

Answer 8

The Jews were kicked out and were forced to leave immovable possessions behind such as land. The only way they were to come back was if they were to pay large sums of money, which was a clear example of extortion. Spain, same year as Columbus

Question 9

Defeat of Granada 1492

Answer 9

Final triumph of Queen&King Ferdinand- defeated the last Muslim state in Spain

Question 10

Cardinal Cisneros

Answer 10

Ordered the burning of sacred texts (such as the Quran).

Question 11

Ban on Arab language and customs

Answer 11

King Phillip II implemented these bans in 1549.

Question 12

Revolt of Alpujarras

Answer 12

There were multiple instances in which discriminatory policies were leveled against the “moriscos” in Spain after the defeat of Granada, such as the ban listed above. The moorish populaiton rose up in retaliation for these measures in several periods, but each time were brutualy crushed by the royalty.

Question 13

Conversos

Answer 13

Moors who converted to Christianity, despite their conversion they were still discriminated against (Cath 22 dilemma)

Question 14

Taqiyyah

Answer 14

Giving Muslims spiritual exemption with the understanding that they were forced to do Christian practices (eat pork, become baptized) – justifying conversions by stating, “what matters is what is in your heart, not what you do in public!”

Question 15

Moriscos

Answer 15

Term meaning “little moors” it refers the conversos who converted from Islam to Christianity as well as the still Muslim population now under Spanish rule. Derogatory term.

Question 16

Anti-Muslim campaign of Archbishop Ribera

Answer 16

Believed that Muslims were “reproducing like rabbits”; implying that they were incestuous; if Muslim population not kept in check, they would eventually overrun the Christians

Question 17

Rumors of Moorish proclivities

Answer 17

Spanish Christians thought that the moors were inclined to licentious acts of moral and sexual depravity, and spread around stereotypes saying essentially that the moors were more inclined than anyone else to commit sins of the flesh among other things. Contributed to a general attitude of hatred and suspicion toward moors in Spain.

Question 18

Expulsion of Moors in 1609-1614

Answer 18

Culmination of tensions between moorish and Christian populaitons in Spain, spearheaded by people like archbishop Juan de Rivera who said the only solution to resolve the tension was to just expell all moors from Spain. A few who could afford to do so moved down south, some went north to France and experienced similar discrimination, some went elsewhere, and some found a way to return to their homes or stay in Spain. Two-thirds of the moors that were in Spain died as a result of this (fact check please?).