Hypovolaemic Shock and Fluid Resuscitation Flashcards
What is the average total body water build up in adults?
40 litres. This is about 60% of body weight.
What are the components of fluid in the body?
Intracellular fluid (70%)
Extracellular fluid (30%):
- Interstitial fluid (22.5%)
- Plasma and other body fluids (7.5%)
Where is intracellular fluid found?
It is found inside the cell (all cells).
What is intracellular fluid controlled by?
It is largely controlled by the cell itself.
Is the head of the cell hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic.
Is the tail of the cell hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophobic.
What is extracellular fluid (specifically interstitial fluid (22.5%)?
It is the medium through which substances diffuse from the blood to body cells, and from the cells to the blood.
What does extracellular fluid (specifically interstitial fluid 22.5%) bathe?
It bathes all body cells, except for the outer layers of the skin.
What does extracellular fluid (specifically plasma and other body fluids 7.5%) bathe?
The other extracellular fluid consists of plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and other fluids that help with lubrication.
Give some examples of how fluid can be lost?
- Haemorrhage
- Tears
- Sweat
- Urine
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
What are the 2 types of fluid classifications?
- Crystalloid solution (electrolytes)
- Colloid solution (protein and polysaccharides).
What is crystalloid solutions functions?
Crystalloid fluids function is to expand the intravascular volume without disturbing ion concentration or causing signification fluid shifts.
Give some examples of crystalloid fluids?
- Hartman’s solution
- Sodium chloride 0.9%
- Glucose 5%
- Saline 7.5%
- Saline 3%
What do colloid fluids do?
They work by pulling water into the intravascular space.
Give some examples of colloid fluids?
- Albumin
- Red cells
- Plasma
- Whole blood
- Dextran
In hypotonic solution is the amount of solutes in the cell Less, More of the Perfect amount?
Less.
Give some examples of hypotonic solution?
- Sodium chloride 0.45%
- Glucose in water 2.5%
What is hypotonic solution used for?
It’s used to replace the fluid found inside the cell.
What can hypotonic solution cause?
An increase in intracranial pressure.
Excessive amounts can cause hypovolaemia.
Does hypertonic solution solution have Less, More or the Perfect amount of solutes inside the cell?
More.
What can hypertonic solution do?
Can pull water from the cells, and dehydrate them to increase the extracellular fluid/intracellular fluid.
When can hypertonic solution be helpful?
- Heat stroke
- Peritonitis
- Reducing cerebral oedema
In isotonic solution is the amount of solutes in the cell Less, More or the Perfect amount?
Perfect amount.
Give some examples of isotonic solution?
- Sodium chloride 0.9%
- Hartman’s
- Sodium lactate
Is the volume Low, Normal or High in the vascular space in hypovolaemic shock?
Low volume.
What is the blood return like in hypovolaemic shock?
Not enough blood return to the heart and to the organs.
