Hypovolaemic Shock and Fluid Resuscitation

Question 1

What is the average total body water build up in adults?

Answer 1

40 litres. This is about 60% of body weight.

Question 2

What are the components of fluid in the body?

Answer 2

Intracellular fluid (70%)
Extracellular fluid (30%):
- Interstitial fluid (22.5%)
- Plasma and other body fluids (7.5%)

Question 3

Where is intracellular fluid found?

Answer 3

It is found inside the cell (all cells).

Question 4

What is intracellular fluid controlled by?

Answer 4

It is largely controlled by the cell itself.

Question 5

Is the head of the cell hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 5

Hydrophilic.

Question 6

Is the tail of the cell hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 6

Hydrophobic.

Question 7

What is extracellular fluid (specifically interstitial fluid (22.5%)?

Answer 7

It is the medium through which substances diffuse from the blood to body cells, and from the cells to the blood.

Question 8

What does extracellular fluid (specifically interstitial fluid 22.5%) bathe?

Answer 8

It bathes all body cells, except for the outer layers of the skin.

Question 9

What does extracellular fluid (specifically plasma and other body fluids 7.5%) bathe?

Answer 9

The other extracellular fluid consists of plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, and other fluids that help with lubrication.

Question 10

Give some examples of how fluid can be lost?

Answer 10

• Haemorrhage
• Tears
• Sweat
• Urine
• Diarrhoea
• Vomiting

Question 11

What are the 2 types of fluid classifications?

Answer 11

• Crystalloid solution (electrolytes)
• Colloid solution (protein and polysaccharides).

Question 12

What is crystalloid solutions functions?

Answer 12

Crystalloid fluids function is to expand the intravascular volume without disturbing ion concentration or causing signification fluid shifts.

Question 13

Give some examples of crystalloid fluids?

Answer 13

• Hartman’s solution
• Sodium chloride 0.9%
• Glucose 5%
• Saline 7.5%
• Saline 3%

Question 14

What do colloid fluids do?

Answer 14

They work by pulling water into the intravascular space.

Question 15

Give some examples of colloid fluids?

Answer 15

• Albumin
• Red cells
• Plasma
• Whole blood
• Dextran

Question 16

In hypotonic solution is the amount of solutes in the cell Less, More of the Perfect amount?

Answer 16

Less.

Question 17

Give some examples of hypotonic solution?

Answer 17

• Sodium chloride 0.45%
• Glucose in water 2.5%

Question 18

What is hypotonic solution used for?

Answer 18

It’s used to replace the fluid found inside the cell.

Question 19

What can hypotonic solution cause?

Answer 19

An increase in intracranial pressure.
Excessive amounts can cause hypovolaemia.

Question 20

Does hypertonic solution solution have Less, More or the Perfect amount of solutes inside the cell?

Answer 20

More.

Question 21

What can hypertonic solution do?

Answer 21

Can pull water from the cells, and dehydrate them to increase the extracellular fluid/intracellular fluid.

Question 22

When can hypertonic solution be helpful?

Answer 22

• Heat stroke
• Peritonitis
• Reducing cerebral oedema

Question 23

In isotonic solution is the amount of solutes in the cell Less, More or the Perfect amount?

Answer 23

Perfect amount.

Question 24

Give some examples of isotonic solution?

Answer 24

• Sodium chloride 0.9%
• Hartman’s
• Sodium lactate

Question 25

Is the volume Low, Normal or High in the vascular space in hypovolaemic shock?

Answer 25

Low volume.

Question 26

What is the blood return like in hypovolaemic shock?

Answer 26

Not enough blood return to the heart and to the organs.