Hypotonia Flashcards
Down’s syndrome: mental function
uneven cognitive profile
DS: sensory function
myopia, otitis media
DS: CV, haematological, immunological, respiratory
heart defects, respiratory infections, leukaemia
DS: digestive, metabolic and endocrine
Oesophageal atresia, hypothyroidism
DS: neuromusculoskeletal and movement related
Muscle weakness Long bone shortness Limb joint hyper mobility/increased flexibility Possible C1/C2 instability Hypotonicity Subluxation of hip and patella
DS: activity flags
Learning and apply knowledge (decreased verbal short term memory) Communication Mobility (gross motor delay)
Flags with respect to NMSDA - Down’s syndrome
Neurological - hypotonicity Sensory motor - strabismus Posture and balance - minimal weight shifting, decreased efficacy protective extension Gross motor skills - delayed crawling Fine Motor skills - immature grasp
PWS: mental functions
Behaviour problems - obsessive compulsive
PWS: sensory functions and pain
myopia, high pain threshold
PWS: CV, haematological, immunological and respiratory
Increased incidence of respiratory infections
PWS: neuromusculoskeletal and movement related
Muscle weakness Hypotonicity Scoliosis Osteoporosis Short stature Hands and feet small for height
PWS: activity flags
Learning and apply knowledge
Communication (articulation difficulties)
Mobility (GM delays)
Flags with respect to NSMDA - PWS
Neurological - hypotonicity Sensor motor - myopia Posture and balance responses - decreased efficacy head and body righting Gross Motor skills - delayed rolling Fine Motor skills - immature grasp
Flags with respect to NSMDA - RS
Neurological - hypotonicity/dystonia
Sensory motor - decreased gaze/eye hand coordination
Posture and balance responses - minimal weight shifting, decreased efficacy protective extension
Gross motor skills - plateauing of motor skills
Fine Motor skills - regression of grasp stereotypical hand movements
Cornerstones anchoring the ‘Hypotonia Wheel’
Identify activity and participation goals
Assess environmental barriers and facilitators
Include parents/caregivers
Make sure child is actively involved and positively engaged
What are the most specific and important intervention principles for children with hypotonia?
Encourage immature to mature positions
Encourage movement against gravity
