Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
What are the 4 tests for Hypothesis testing?
Z scores - Z statistic
T Test - T statistic
ANOVA - F statistics
Chi Squared
What is standard deviation?
The average distance of values from their mean
What is an interval variable?
Values with meaningful differences e.g 10, 20, 30, 40
What is an ratio variable?
The same as an interval variable but 0 indicated none. e.g 0 dogs
What is a test of significance looking for?
How unlikely/likely that an observed characteristic has occured by chance alone
What is a TYPE 1 error?
False positive - rejects a true null hyp
What is a TYPE 2 error?
False negative - fails to reject (accepts) a false null hyp
What is hypothesis testing?
the formal procedures to accept or reject statistical hypotheses.
What does hypothesis testing require?
requires that you already know a lot about the research topic, enough to construct a hypothesis derived from either theory or policy.
What must a new hypothesis be?
- Precise topic
- Informed
- Testable
- Falsifiable
What is a one tailed hypothesis?
A 1-tailed hypothesis means that we are predicting a specific response.
One directional
What is a two tailed hypothesis?
A 2-tailed hypothesis means that we had no specific idea of what would happen – no directional.
Formulate a null hypothesis
There are no statistically significant differences between …. And ….. Any observed differences between them are due to chance alone.
Formulate a alternative hypothesis
There are statistically significant differences between …. and …. The observed differences are not due to chance but due to other factors.
What is a level of signficance?
Probabilty of being wrong and confidence in being right
0.05
