Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Summer 2020 - Physiology 2 - Endocrine > Hypothalamus & Pituitary - Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Hypothalamus & Pituitary - Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis?

A

Unit formed by hypothalamus & pituitary responsible for brain-endocrine interactions and control Gonads, Thyroid, and Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which endocrine gland is considered the Master Gland?

A

Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the Hypothalamus work?

A

Coordinating Center

Gets signals from cortical inputs, autonomic function, environment, and endocrine feedback then delivers precise signals to the pituitary to release hormones influencing other endocrine systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where can the Pituitary Gland be found?

A

In the Sella tursica of the Sphenoid Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the Pituitary Gland divided?

A
  • Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
  • Pars Intermedius
  • Pars tubularis
  • Neurohypophysis - Posterior Pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the Pituitary Gland is highly vascular and does not secrete any hormones?

A

Pars Tuburalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which is the largest part of the Pituitary Gland?

A

Anterior Pituitary / Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of Pituitary Gland is present only up until Fetal Development?

A

Pars Intermedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary distinct?

A

Different connections to hypothalamus

Contain different cell types

Secrete different hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main functions of the Hypothalmus?

A
  1. Produce Releasing and Inhibiting hormones that influence Anterior Pituitary
  2. Produces Oxytocin & ADH and stored in Posterior Pituitary
  3. Oversees ANS and helps stimulate Adrenal Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the Anterior Pituitary connect to the Hypothalamus?

A

Portal Venous Network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which hormones and glands does the Anterior Pituitary regulate?

A

FLATPIG

  • *F** ollicle Stimulating Hormone - gonads
  • *L** uteinizing Hormone - Ovaries
  • *A** Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  • *T** hyroid Stimulating Hormone
  • *P** rolactin (PRL) - mammary
  • *I** gnored - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
  • *G** rowth Hormone - Somatotropic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different cell types of the Anterior Pituitary

A

Somatotropes - most abundant (30-40%)

Corticoctropes (20%)

Thyrotropes (3-5%)

Gonadotropes (3-5%)

Lactotropes (3-5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Posterior Pituitary made of?

A

Collection of Axonal Projections from the Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Receives Oyxtocin & ADH made in the Hypothalamus and secretes these hormones

Regulates Uterine Contraction & Water Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What supplies blood to the Hypothalamus?

A

Superior Hypophyseal Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What supplies blood to the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Inferior Hypophyseal Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is ADH & Oxytocin transported from the Hypothalamus to the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Via nerve fibers in the Supraoptic Nucleus & Paraventricular Nucleus

19
Q

What does Vasopressin do?

A

↑Collecting Duct Permeability

↑Water Reabsorption

↑ECF Volume

↑Urine Osmolality

↓Plasma Osmolality

Vasoconstriction

20
Q

What does the V1 & V2 Vasopressin receptors do?

A

V1: Pressor Effect

V2: ADH effect

21
Q

What stimulates Vasopressin/ADH release?

A
  • Plasma Osmolality > 290
  • Decreased ECF Volume
  • Increased Sodium
  • Low BP
  • Angiotensin II
  • Nicotine
  • Stress & Pain
  • Positive Pressure Ventilation
22
Q

Alcohol, Increased ECF, and Decreased Plasma Osmolality causes what?

A

Depressed release of Vasopressin/ADH

23
Q

What conditions are due to ADH disturbances?

A

Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH

24
Q

How does Diabetes Insipidus happen?

A

Inability to release ADH causing ADH Deficiency

Can be Neurogenic (most common) or Nephrogenic

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Pee Alot

Extreme Thirst

Hyperosmotic Plasma

HypoOsmotic Urine

26
Q

How should patients w/ Diabetes Insipidus be managed?

A

Water Intake

Limit Sodium

Give DDAVP

27
Q

What can cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Chronic Renal Disease

Lithium Toxicity

Hypercalcemia

Hypokalemia

Tubulointerstitial Disease

28
Q

What are some Anesthetic considerations for a pt w/ Hypernatremia r/t DI?

A

Increased MAC

Decreased CO = decreased uptake

Hypovolemia = decreased IV dose

29
Q

What are symptoms of Hypernatremia?

A

Restlessness

Lethargy

Hyperreflexia

Seizures

Coma

Death

CORRECT SLOWLY

30
Q

An overload of Vasopressin/ADH causes this type of ADH Disturbance?

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

31
Q

What can cause SIADH?

A

CNS Disorders

Head Trauma

Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Pulmonary Infection

Pituitary Surgery

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of SIADH?

A

Water Intoxication

Hyponatremia

Concentrated Urine

Dilute Plasma

Brain Edema

Lethargy, Seizure, Coma

33
Q

How should a patient w/ SIADH be managed?

A

Treat underlying cause

Fluid Restriction

Demeclocycline

3% Hypertonic Saline

Lasix

CORRECT SLOWLY & Monitor Na q1-2 hrs

34
Q

At what levels of sodium should postponing elective surgeries be considered?

A

Sodium < 130 or > 150

35
Q

What can happen if Hyponatremia is treated too aggressively?

A

Central Pontine Myelinolysis

Spastic Quadriplegia

Pseudobulbar Palsy

Encephalopathy

Coma

36
Q

Where is Oxytocin secreted from?

A

Paraventricular Nucleus

37
Q

How does Oxytocin increase Lactation?

A

Positive Feedback

Oxytocin –> Lactation –> Baby Eats –> Activates Afferent Fibers –> Signals Paraventricular Nuclei to release more Oxytocin

38
Q

Beside lactation, what else is Oxytocin/Pitocin used for?

A

Organize Labor by increasing Uterine Contraction & Decreasing Blood loss after birth

39
Q

What are some complications associated w/ Pitocin?

A

Fetal Distress d/t hyperstimulation

Uterine Tetany

Maternal Water Intoxication

Hypertension

Tachycardia

N/V

Seizures

40
Q

What can happen if the Pituitary grows too big or if there are tumors on it?

A

Compression of Optic Chiasm causing vision problems

41
Q

What should you expect for a patient having Pituitary surgery and has too much Growth Hormone?

A

Acromegaly making it difficult to mask & intubate
(Use smaller ETT)

Glucose Intolerance

HTN

Cardiomyopathy

LVH

42
Q

What is to be expected w/ a patient who has too much ACTH?

A

Cushing’s Disease & Difficult Airway

43
Q

What should be given to a patient w/ Panhypopituitarism?

A

Hormone replacement:

DDAVP

Cortisol

Levothyroxine

44
Q

During Pituitary surgery, when would you suspect IntraOp Diabetes Insipidus and how would you treat?

A

High uring output w/ < 1.005 specific gravity

DDAVP 0.5 - 1 mcg

Fluids

Summer 2020 - Physiology 2 - Endocrine (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions